PA 

25 S 

.Mr 



1 




A 
OF LEARNING 

THE GEEEE LANGUAGE, 

AFTER THE SYSTEM OF 

F. AHN, 

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY, AND PROFESSOR AT THE COLLEGE 

OF NEUSS. 

BY 

A. H. MONTEITH, 

LATE PRINCIPAL OF THE ROBERTSONIAN INSTITUnON". 

FIRST COURSE. 

LONDON: 

A L L M A N AND SON, 

42, HOLBOEN HILL. 

1859. 

I'he Copyright of this Work is secured in France and Gfirnwny under the ierwsi 
of the International Copy right Act, and the Proprietors reaerve to themselves 
ike right of translation. 



PEEFACE. 



Greek, the progenitor of most European languages, is 
the source whence we derive the terms of modern 
science. However much a long period of time spent in 
its attainment may be justly decried, there can be no 
question, but that some degree of acquaintance with its 
^ructure and vocabulary, is not only a useful, but a 
^Ia cessary element, in a sound English education. 

The books in common use compel the learner, how- 
€ T, either to become conversant with the entire 
J. ierous detail of the language, or remain in ignorance 
altogether, — an objection to the study of Greek, 
which it is the design of the present treatise in some 
measure to remove. 

The irregularities of the Greek accidence are some- 
what numerous ; of many variable words only a few are 
in use ; desinences of one word are used in making up 
the forms of another, and the entire vocabulary is subject 
more or less to the euphonic modifications that charac- 
terise the language. Some Greek writers use one 
dialect and some another, and the variety of form in the 
words as they appear in one or other of these dialects is 
often very considerable. In this treatise, such irregu- 
larities in the declensions and conjugations as admit of 
generalization only are treated, and the tables refer to 
the "" Common Dialect," that is, the language as used by 
the majority of classic Greek authors. Dialectic forms 
and anomalous desinences are more properly the province 
of the lexicon than the grammar ; at all events, it is 
advisable to defer the consideration of such minutiae till 



IV PREFACE. 

the primary elements of the language are acquired, — a 
task in itself of no mean magnitude, but which, we trust, 
this little volume will render less arduous than hitherto. 

When a few of the leading principles of the language 
are firmly and intelligibly fixed upon the memory, the re- 
mainder will be more easily comprehended. In the accom- 
panying treatise, the learner accordingly has few rules 
but much practice. The material consists of a series of 
alternate Greek and English exercises, interspersed with 
syntatical rules. The sentences are simple at first, but 
gradually become more complex, as the principles of 
construction are successively developed. The accidence 
is introduced as the learner acquires material to adapt 
the grammatical tables to practical use, that is, when 
sufficient progress in the vocabulary has been made to 
render such tabular synopsis desirable. 

Many practical teachers are of opinion that Greek, if 
taught at ail, should be taught before its sister language 
— the Latin ; it is the eider of the two, and as an exponent 
of general grammar, in many respects superior. Greek 
roots, moreover, enter largely into the composition of 
Latin words ; hence, a previous acquaintance with Greek 
would greatly simplify the task of acquiring the Latin 
vocabulary. It has therefore been our object to produce 
a Greek beginner's book, embracing essentials only, 
suitable to any capacity, and thoroughly practical, so 
that the language, if thought advisable, may be made 
subservient merely to the purposes of general education. 

A Second Course is being prepared, which will em- 
brace exercises on the more idiomatic constructions of 
the language. 

The author is indebted to the kindness of a judicious 
philhellenist for some of the emendations made in the 
second edition. 



CONTENTS. 



I. Oethogeaphy and Pkontjnciatioit • . 1 

II. EXEECISES 11 

III. Appendix .97 

lY. English Index 127 

V. Gkeek Index 134 

VI. Grammatical Index . • . . 143 



AN INTRODUCTION 



GEEEE LANGUAGE. 



ORTHOGEAPHY AND PEONUNCIATION. 

THE ALPHABET. 

Values, 
n. 

X or ks. 
(short) 

P- 
r. 

s. 

t. 

u. 

pli or f. 

ch(hard). 

ps. 

(long). 

Rem. — (1) All the letters are pronounced as in English, except 
^, which is usually articulated like ds, and y when followed by 
another y or by /c, x^ l\ it tben has the sound of w, as 
dyy^Xoc, *^ a messenger," pronounced ang'-gelos, (2) The consonant 
y has always the hard sound of g in go^ never that of g in gem, 
(3) Tbe first form of sigma is used at the beginning or in the 
middle of a word, the second at the end only. 

Ex. — r?2, the earth, 'a-v}^, an eye. Mu^, a rat. 'Vic,^ 
the nose. Faf, for. A^ug, an oak. X/?^^, the skin. 
Asxa, ten. Xpovog, time. Aoga, opinion. ^o(pogj 
wise. Ba^o^, depth. 'Ay^w, I strangle. 'Op/^, a 
serpent. Ai;;co$, a wolf. Maprvp^ a witness. II/vw, I 



Letters. 


A a, 




E f, 


z?, 


H n, 

8 3, 


I ', 


A \, 


Mj«, 



Names. 


Values. 


Letters, 


Names. 


alpha, 


a. 


N V, ■ 


nu. 


beta, 


b. 


^ I 


xi, 


gamma. 


g (hard). 


0, 


omicron, 


delta, 


d. 


n TT, 


pi. 


epsilon, 


e (short). 


P p, 


rho, 


zeta. 


z or ds. 


2(7, g. 


Sigma, 


eta, 


e (long). 


T r. 


tau. 


theta, 


th. 


Y V, 


upsilon, 


iota, 


i. 


4> 0, 


phi, 


cappa, 
lambda. 


k. 
1. 


^$! 


chi, 
psi, 


mu. 


m. 


Q u), 


omega, 



INTRODUCTIOI^r. 

drink. Kapog, a deep sleep. 'O^og, a branch, ^fa^w, 

1 teU. K^irng, a judge. Yvxog, cold. 'I;^^i;^, a fish. 
Bapvij heavy. YoXo^, smoke. Zw^og, lively, r^apw, 
I write. Koga^, a crow. Qs^fjbog, warm. 'H^oc, manners. 
Ssfg^g, a king of Persia. HoXXa, many. Yaxaj, dew. 
TayyTig^ the river Ganges. 

Classification of the Letteks, 
Vowels. 
Longs, 9j, Cfj. 
Shorts, g, 0. 
Doubtfuls, a, /, u. 

Consonants. 

Mutes, /3, 7, 3, ^, %, r, <p, ;^, &. 

Liquids, X, /^, y, p. 

Doubles, ^ (ds or ts), g (gs or ks), -^ (bs or ps). 

Diphthongs or Digraphs. 

at pronounced like the Italian ai. 

„ aw m awe, 

„ e in high. 

„ u in /m5^. 

„ of in boil. 

,, ow in woz(;. 

►inations of vowels other than those in tlie 
list of diphthongs, each letter has its name sound. Final vowels 
are always articulated. 

Ex. — Usvriy ^ve, E/^g, I wish. '^^X'^^ ^^^ ^^^^• 
B/ow, I live. BowTT/g, full-eyed. Toaw, I moan. Oldoc, 
I know. Zojov, a living creature. Ai/w, two. A/, alas ! 
Ba/!/w, I go. * A/^, a goat. X////a/^a, a fabulous monster. 
AvXog, a flute. Auro^, the same. Xs/^, the hand. Mcc- 
ysi^og^ a cook. Ba^tXiug^ a king. Zsu^, Jupiter. Tgi;(r/Aa, 
a falsehood. Boi;^, an ox, Boi/X^, a council. 'Hxoncra, I 
heard. AlXove^g^ a cat. 







gi>, 


^^ 55 


0/, 


W/ „ 


ou, 


CfJU 5, 


, — In all combi 



INTEOEUCTIOlSr. 9 

OliTHOGKAPHIC SlGNS. 

The Apostrophe thus ('), indicates, as in English, that 
a letter has been dropped. 

The Smooth Aspirate thus ('), is placed over vowels 
at the beginning of words, but makes no change in their 
power. 

The Rough Aspirate thus (* ). when placed over a vowel, 
has the power of the letter h as 6, pronounced ho. 

The T7^ema thus {"), indicates that the vowel over 
which it is placed should be pronounced independently 
of that w^hich follows or precedes. 

The Iota Subscribed thus (i), a mark placed under 
a vowel, denotes that an / has been dropped. 

Eem. — Every vowel or diphthong at the beginning of a word has 
either a smooth or a rough aspirate over it. P has likewise a 
rough aspirate at the beginning of words, and answers to rhj as 
podov (rhodon), a rose. 

Ex. — 'Ev, in. *E^, one. 'Eg, from. 'Eg, six. 'Xlga, 
care. *n^a, anhour. 0/%oc, a house. * 03suw, I travel. 
'h3>5, already. 'T-vJ/o^, height. 'EXXtjv, a Greek. Ou^a, 
a tail. OiTceiog, belonging to a house, domestic. ^O^fjbr,^ 
impetuosity. *Aac, salt. 'H^sw, I sound. 'H/xg^ct, a 
day. 'Iccr^og, a physician. *P;5/>oo6, a word. 'A^^wcrjj/^a, 
a malady. Ba^z/vs/*, to a king. Tw (for rw/), to the. 
Movffy) (for /^oi/ctj/), to a muse, 'n^??, a song. 'AXX' g/ 
(for dXXa 2/), but if. 

ACCET^TS. 

The Acute {'). 
The Grave ('). 
The Circumflex ("). 

Rem. — These marks do not affect the pronunciation of the words 
over which they are placed : they are to be regarded as orthogra- 
phical signs only. According to the usage in the English schools, 
Greek words are accented on the penult when long, and upon the 
ante-penult when that syllable is short, without regard to the 
Greek accentual marks : thus vxl^TXop is pronounced hup-si' -lo7i^ 



10 INTRODTJCTIOIS^. 

lecaiise the i is long ; cJ/Ltsya, pronounced omega^ because the e is 
short. A short vowel followed by two consonants is long by posi- 
tion. Diphthongs are generally long, and one vowel when followed 
by another generally short. 

Ex. — XsXr^wi/, a swallow. T£^v«:;ca, I am dead. 
na-Tu^og, an Egyptian plant, paper. 'Tntox^irr^g^ aa actor. 
Ba(r/X/>cw^, regally. ''A^/xog, unjust. "Uydyov, I brought, 
Xpv(r6^pvcg, having^ a golden throne. A/vsw, I praise. 
'XlpsXico, I aid. 'fKpD.sia^ utility. ^i\jyou6a^ having 
fled. O/Xs^yo^, a lover of work. Tvyx^dvovng^ being 
by chance. ^/Xocrocr^/^, patriotic. 

MaEKS of PuNCTUATIOIf. 

The Comma (,), as in English, distinguishes the various 
clauses of a sentence. 

The Colon (•) is placed at the top of the line, and, like 
the English colon or semicolon, marks a sense partially 
concluded. 

The Period (.) placed at the foot of the hne, marks, as 
in English, a sense entirely concluded. 

The Note of Admiration (!) used as in English. 

The Point of Interrogation (;) resembles the English 
semicolon, and denotes a question. 

Ex. — "O^vii^ o(p2(f)g wa zvpov^a^ I'jnfiiXcJjg Ixko fhavada 

fjbaraja ! r/ ravra r^z(pzig^ cI'tts^ av^yjkvra dctto ffov 
'TTpojrrjg rov ddr/.eTv a^zrai ; 

A hen having found some serpent's eggs, carefully 
covered and hatched them. A swallow, who had noticed 
this, said : '' What a fool you are ! Why do you rear 
creatures, which, when strong enough, will first of all 
injure yourself.^" 



AHN'S METHOD. 



riEST GEEEK GOIJESK 



EXEECISES. 



1. 

TLarrj^^ father, a father, 
My)Tr}^, raother, a mother. 
*AdsX<f)6g^ brother, a brother, 
'AdsX(p?}, sister, a sister. 
B//3X/ov, (neuter)^ book, a book. 

2. 

*0 (masculine), r) (feminine), to (neuter), the. 
'O 'TTPLTT]^. *H /^y}T'/}P. To ^iBXiov, 'O ads7^(p6g. 'H 
adBXfT], 

Ee^i. — (1) The article agrees with the noun in gender. — (2) "When 
a word, having an acute accent on the last syllable, is followed by 
another word in the same sentence, the acute is changed into a 
grave. 

3. 

^AyaOog {masc), ayaOrj (fe^n.), ayaOov {mut.)y good, 
honest, amiable, brave. 

liaTYi^ ayaQog, 'H dya^ri [irirrip. 'O adBX(phg aya« 
^6g. To ^ijSXfov ayadov. 
Eem. — Adjectives, like the article, agree with the noun in gender. 



12 AHN'S METHOD. 

4. 

Father. A mother. The brave brother. An amiable 
sister. The good book. The good mother. A good 
father. 



Mov (of me), my. 

Soi) (of thee), thy, your. 

(fov, *H ddsX(p7] /xou ayad?). To jBi^Xtov /j^qv. *0 ddsX^ 
(p6g (Sov , dyaQog, 

Eem. — (1) M.OV and aov^ when not emphatic, drop their accents. 
These and some other particles are regarded merely as adjuncts of 
the words they accompany, and for this reason are termed enclitics, 
(2) The acute accent of the preceding word is not under such cir- 
cumstances changed into a grave. (See Eem. Ex. 2.) 

6. 

My mother. Your book. Tliy father. My brother. 
Your amiable sister. Thy good mother. Your good 
book. 

7. 

'EoTt, is, he is^ she is, it is, there is. 

'O ^arriq^ dya&dg hri» *H fjbrjrri^ dya^yj Irfri, Th 
^ijSXkv dya&ov s<Sri. *0 ddsX(p6g fiou dya^og hart, *H 
dhikfri 601) dyaGr) Idri, 

Eem. — 'EoTt is also an enclitic, and like /xou, (Jov^ drops the ac- 
cent unless emphatic (See Eem. Ex. 5.) 

8. 

My father is good. My mother is good. My book 
is good. Your sister is amiable. Your brother is 
brave. My good father. A good mother. 



FIRST GREEK COURSE. 13 



9. 

KaKOQi i]y 6vj bad, wicked, vicious. 

2096c, 77, 6v, wise, intelligent, clever, sagacious. 

JJarri^ (^o(p6g, Myjrrj^ 6of7}. ^o(phv j3/[3Xiov» *0 xaKog 
ddsX(p6g. 'H %a%^ (kdsXfyj. To ^i(3Xiov xcc%6v, *0 a^sX- 
pog (So\) (fofog s(Sri, *H ah\(pri <so(p7] hri. Th jSijSXiov 
(fo(p6v lari, 'O adsX(p6g fjbov (^(xpog k(Sri, *H ahzXfrj [m>o\j 
KaxTj hart, T6 l3i(3XiOV [JjOV xazov s6ri. *AdsX(p6g [lou 
6o(p6g, To f3il3X/ov strri za'/Jv, 

Bem. — 'Ecrrt and other enclitics of two syllables retain tLeir ac- 
cents when preceded by a word accented on the penult, or syllable 
before the last. (See Rem. Ex. 7.) * 

10, 

KaXog^ ^, 6v, pretty, handsome, beautiful. 
XprjaTOQj 7] J 6v, useful, kind, indulgent. 

A handsome brother. A beautiful sister. A pretty- 
book. The kind father. The indulgent mother. The 
useful book. My vicious brother. My wicked sister. 
My bad book. Your brother is handsome. Your sister 
is beautiful. The book is pretty, 

11. 

Atfcatoc, diKaiuy dUaioVy just, upright. 
Mdraiog, fxaTata, [xcLTaiov, vain, frivolous, silly*. 

Uarri^ biTcaiog. Myjry)^ dixala. Bt^Xiov hi%am. *0 
ahXcphg fjjdraiog. 'H ddsXori fiara/a. Th ^t(3X/ov /acc- 
raiov. *0 crar^^ /jlov d/7iociog, 'H fMrjryj^ I^ov diTcaloc. Th 
^t^Xiov fMov dhaiov. *0 ddsX(p6g (Toy ^^y}(rT6g l<sri» *H 
ddsXpy) (fov %f??(rr;7 iffri. To ^i^Xiov cfov ^^y}(fT6v Idri. 
*J1 (LTiTYi^ fLo\) x^ri^TYi s(Srt. *0 ddsXfSg fiov dixaiog hn. 

Rem. — When lirri and other enclitics of two syllables are pre- 
ceded by a word accented on the antepenult, the accent of the 
enclitic is thrown back on the last syllable of that word. (See 
Rem. Ex. 9.) 



14 AHN^S METHOD. 

12. 

Kai, and, but. 

Tap, for. 

Xapisigy x^P^^^^^-) X^P**^> graceful, elegant. 

Just and good. Honest and wise. Handsome and 
kind. The father and mother. A sister and brother. 
Pretty but vain. Bad but clever. Amiable but frivolous. 
An elegant book. My graceful sister. Your silly bro- 
ther. My book is good and useful. 

13. 

TlfiioQj Tijxia, TLfiiov^ precious, valuable. 
Tevvalog^ ia, lov, generous. 
'Qpatoc;, la, Xov^ ripe. 

Hocr^^ yBvvaTog. Mtjtt}^ (fo0y}, B//3X/ov rifjjiov, *Xl^a7o(r 
xal ayaQog. Xa^hig xat yivva7og, ^H ddiXcpTj (Sou /^oara/a. 
'H [jjy]Tri^ /Jbov %^>j(J'r^. 'O ^arr,^ bixa/og xaj ysvvocTog. 
*H jUbyjryj^ KaXrj %ai aya^Yj, 'O ahik(p6g (JjOD ysvvaTbg, 'H 
adsXfyj 6o\) ^a^/gCtra. To iSijSX/ov dya^ov Jcr/, '^py}(Srov yd^ 
l(Sri, *0 udsXfog (Sou ysvvaTog k6ri. 

Hem. — Enclitics of two syllables likewise throw back tbeir ac- 
cent when preceded by a word circumflexed on the penult. (See 
Kern. Ex. 11.) 

14, 

'Apyot;, J7, 6v, uncultivated, indolent, idle, lazy. 
'Epyacrt/co^, 97, 6v^ industrious, active, diligent. 
Moyfpoc, «, OX', difficult, hard. 

An industrious father. An active mother. A dili- 
gent sister. An idle brother* The generous father. 
The kind mother. The difficult book. My industrious 
brother. My frivolous sister. My bad book. My 
father is generous and just. Your book is good and use- 
ful. Your sister is lazy. ' 'Your mother is good, for she 
is diligent and kind. 



FIBST GllEEK COUllSE. 15 

15. 

E/, if. 

Et, thou art, you are. 

"Q, 0! 

Ahaiog sJ, 'A^yog sJ /tai /xdratog, Aixaiog si %ai 
yzvvahg, KaXhg eJ xai <so(p6g, 'A/a^jJ sf xai yjX2li(S(Sa, 
E/ (jjaraiog sf, Tiaxbg eJ, E/ hixaiog gf, 6o(pog sJ, E/ 
a^yog si, h^ya6riy.6g s(fri. E/ xaXri bI, ya^h(^(fd s(Sri, 
Ef ysvvahg ', 'O ddsA(p6g (Sou dya^og scfriv, i^ya^rixhg yd^ 
icfri. ^Xl jSilSXiov ! el /j^oys^ov. '^fl db'i'k<p7i ^ou ')(a^h6<Sa ! 

Eem.— Words ending with a vowel sometimes take v when the 
next word begins with another vowel. 

16. 

Msrptog, irt, oj/, moderate, cautious, mild. 
TVkovaioQy ia^ ov, rich, 
IXrw^og, 17, 6v, poor. 

A moderate father. A mild mother. A valuable 
book. The rich brother. The rich sister. A difficult 
book. My poor father. Your poor mother. Thou art 
cautious. Are you ricli } If you are rich, you are cau- 
tious. If he is poor, you are generous. If she is poor, 
you are rich. O my poor sister ! 

17. 

OJkoq (mase.), a house. 
TpcLTTe^a {fem.)y a table. 
^dffydvov (neut.), a knife. 

*0 olxog f/jov. *H r^d^itfL ilov. To (pd^yavov ffov. 

O ^ocTTj^ f/^ov fjtroiyJ)g Idri, 'H (jjTirY^^ 6o\j it'Ko\j(siai hri. 
To 8/p\io>/ [lov TiiJjtov hn, Olxog dyocdog, T^d^s^a 
dya^Tj. To (pdayavov %a%6v s(jr/, 'O oJxog xaXog s(Sri, 

H r^d'7r?.^a ^a^/gcca s(rri. To (pdc>yavov [JjO\j Y^Tidrov 
sffriVy dya^hv yd^ s(fri. 

Rem. — Some inanimate objects are masculine, some feminine^ 
and some neuter. 

B 2 



16 ahn's method. 



18. 

^oLKivOog (6), a hyacintli. 
Mvp&ivt) (r/), a myrtle, {fivp&ivfi), 
'Fodov {to), a rose. 

E:^M. — The article indicates the genders of the nouns. 

A graceful hyacinth. A handsome myrtle. A pretty 
rose. My bad knife* Your elegant house. A good 
and useful table* The house is handsome and useful. 
My graceful hyacinth. Your beautiful rose. O myrtle ! 
thou art pretty* 

19* 

"ApTog (6), bread. 
OIvoQ (6), wine. 
"rdiop {t6)j water. 

^'A^fog aya^og, Ohog i/LokLg. "X^w^ y^^y^t^fm JE? 

naXri. "Bidrt '7rXov(fiog, ''lE,(Pn 'TtXovaioL ; To D^w^ xaxov 
idri. *n^aTog oJvog dyadog hri. ^n ^odov naXovl '^n d^gXp^! 
sJ '7rXo\j(Sia za/ ysvva/a. 

Eem. — 'Ecrt when it begins a sentence, or when used indepen- 
dently, takes the accent on the first syllable. 

"iTnrog (o), a horse. 
Bvioxici {rf)y a repast, a feast. 
Xwpiov {to)^ a field, farm, land. 

A sagacious horse. A generous repast. A useful 
farm. Ripe wine. Bread and water. My beautiful 
horse. Your horse is handsome. My rich and generous 
brother. My poor and industrious sister. Your land is 
good, but it is uncultivated. If you are poor, your fa- 
ther is rich* The bread is bad, but the wine is good* 



FIKST GKEEK COURSE. 



21. 

Tlalg (6 or >}), a boy, a girl, a child, a son. 

*Avr}p, a man, 

rvr]^, a woman, a lady, a wife. 

'O 'TTaTg dyadog. IlaTg dyadyj, ^Avrj^ l^ya^riKog. 
Tvvr] [laraia, 'O dvri^ binaiog Ttat yivva76g s(Srt, *H yovh 
xaXyj kdri %ai p^a^/sCixa. *0 'ircug %a%6g k^riv^ d^yog 
yd^ hri. *H cra/'g zaX?} hriv^ dya&r} yd^ s6ti, Th 
yjfi^^iov otaTiov s6tiv^ d^yov yd^ edri. *0 /Wog 6ov %a},6g 



22. 

'2id7]pog (6), a sword. 

^ijjvrf (jj), a voice. 

•'Ejoyoj/ (t6)^ an act, deed, work. 

A handsome sword. A good voice. A generous 
deed. The sword and the knife. The man and the 
woman. The man is honest and diligent. The woman 
is vain and indolent. The boy is clever, but lazy. The 
girl is handsome, but frivolous. A vicious boy and a 
lazy girl. The man is good, for he is just. The woman 
is handsome, for she is good. O woman ! thou art 
beautiful. 



23. 

Katvog, rj, oj/, new, fresh. 
AtiXog, 7], ovy timid. 
N£oe, vka, veoVy young. 

^Cfjvri dslXyj, Nsa Ta7g. Kaivhg oJvog, 'O 'TtaTg nog 
16tU *0 (^Idrjpog fiov dyadog, *0 "jraTg vsog (fofog hn, 
'H <7raT$ via, deiXif hr/, 'O l^^og /j^ov vsog lor/. 'H vsa 
yuvri ')(CL^h6<sd s6ri, 'H ([Xfivri 6o\) KaKrj s6tu Harr,^ 
aovj il diTcaiog xa/ yevvocToc. To vdojp dya^ov k<sri^ -/.arm 

B 3 



18 aun's method. 



Rem. — The euphonic letter v is sometimes added to a word at 
tlie end of a sentence. (See Eem. Ex. 15.) 



24. 

AeivoQj il 6v, terrible, ferocious. 

AicTxpoQi a, 01/, shameful, disgraceful, infamous, vile. 

AoyiOQ, ia, ov, eloquent. 

A terrible sword. A shameful deed. An eloquent 
man. The repast is disgraceful. The bread is shame- 
ful. The wine was infamous. A horse if sagacious is 
useful, but a horse if ferocious is bad. The book is bad, 
but it is eloquent. The girl is pretty, but she is timid. 
An upright, generous, and eloquent man. An elegant, 
handsome, and amiable woman. A young, beautiful, 
and clever girl. O voice ! thou art terrible. 

Rem. — The doubtful vowel a, when final in the feminine of ad- 
jectives, is generally long ; this causes the accent of the masculine 
to be thrown a syllable foi?ward, thus Xoytog, fern, \oyid, the changes 
of the accent being regulated by the quantity of the final syllable. 
Under such circumstances a circumflex becomes an acute, as lopalog, 
fern, (tipaid, (See Appendix.) 



25. 

AvTov (of the same), his. 

'"Rv, was, he was, she was, it was, there was. 

Ot', ovK, ovxj elo, not. 

*0 ddsX(pog avrov. 'H ddsXf)?} avrov. To jSi/SX/ov 
avTov. 'H svaj^t(x> yjv dya^rj, *0 a^rog yjv dyadog. To 
vdcf)^ YiV dyoL^ov. ^Hv h^ya^riTiog, ^Hv s^ya6ri7t7]. ^Hv 
hy(x>(fr/x6v. 'O 6ihri^og riv Tcaxog, A/d^^bv yjv rh s^yov* 
As/A?j Yiv yj yvvy). 'A^/ov rjv rh yjjiQiov, KaXog '/ji; o 
i/ii/f./!/^og. /\()yiog rjv o dvrjp. 'O ohog riv Kccivog, Tb 



FIRST GEEEX CCmHSE. 19 

^'jj^iov rjv xaxlv^ d^yov ydo ifV. 'O ciprog dya^og rjVy 
Kajvog yap rjv, Ov (So(p6g, 0\j?c koyacrinog. Ou^ M^a?bv. 

Rem. — OvK is used before a vowel with a smooth aspirate, ovx 
before a vowel with a rough aspirate, and ov before a consonant. 



26. 

Kopa^ (6), a crow. 
KoXoioQ (6), a jackdaw. 
"OpviQ (6 or rj)j a bird. 

No table. No wine. No water. Not good. Not 
bad. Not idle. He was poor. She was rich. It was 
difficult. Was he clever ? Was she idle ? Was it 
pretty ? A young crow. A timid bird. An eloquent 
jackdaw. The crow was lazy. The jackdaw was ac- 
tive. The rose was beautiful. The book was difficult. 
The boy was vain. The girl was pretty. The water 
was bad. The bread was new. His horse was useful. 
His brother is clever and dihgent. His father is just and 
generous. His mother is kind and good. 



27. 

yisyag, fxtydkr} {aXri)^ fiiyuj great, large, grand. 
yUkag, fikXaiva, fxeXav, black, dark. 
lioXuQ, ttoXXtj, ttoXv, much. 

TloXvg aprog, Twyi /^sXa/i/a. "'Epyo'/ fj^syoc, 'O Kopa^ 
asXccg kdri. *0 civrtO Xoyiog l6ri, Asihog ovx bJ. TlTOJVog 
O'jx gf. IlXo'j(jiog oijx, bL *H jLLvpcfivrj zaXri ovx, jfv. O 
aprog Tcaxog ovz yjv, *0 ohog ooPocTog ovx, rjV, 'O xopoc^ 
nog ovx riv, *0 zoXoiog Xoyiog ovx r^v, '^Hv r\ yvvrj xaXyj ; 
'Hv 6 dvYip yswaTog ; ^Hv ro yj/)piov dpyov\ "Tdoijp ovx BCfr/, 
"A^rog ovx sen ; 

ovKy takes the accent 



PtEM. — 'Etrrt, when immediately preceded by 
R the first syllable. (See Rem. ^x. 19.) 



20 ahn's method. 



28. 



MaicpGQj d, ovy long. 
"A/cpog, «, ov, high. 
Tpo;;^aXo^, ??, 61/, round. 

A high house. A lor.g knife. A roun-d table. The 
large myrtle. The black wine. The field is long. The 
house is large and high. My round table. Thou art 
wise, vain thou art not. You are not pretty. His bro- 
ther was not poor. His sister was not rich. The man 
was not honest. My mother was not indulgent. The 
book was not difficult. The house was not high. The 
sword was not long. The horse is not black. He is 
not vicious. She is not handsome. It is not large. Is 
it fresh ? There is no wine. Is there no knife ? 

29. 

TiQ ; {masc. and fern.), who ? which ? 

Ti ; (neut,), what ? which ? 

Otoe, Ota, olov, what a ! what a lovely ! what a magnificent I 

Tig si] T/ s7; Tjg sW/ ; T/ sW/ ; T/g tJv ; T/ ?jv ; 
Tig hri yJkycLg ; T/ l(iri [x.a%^6v ; Tig sdri 6 av?)^ ; T/ 
hrt ?) yvvyj ; Tig \oywg l(Srt ; T/ ax^ov l<srl ; Tig a/(f^p6g 
s(frt J Ti r^oyakov l(S7i ; Tig ^v 7] yovri ; Tl riv fLsXav] Tig 
YjV a^yog ] Tl r]V cc^yov ] Tig ^v 6 'jrarri^ avrov ; Tl vjv 
ddsXfog avrov ; ^n olog %6^a^ ! ^Xl oia yvv?} I ^H olov 
^odov ! 

Rem. — Tig and ri used interrogatively retain the acute accent 
hefore another word, but under other circumstances these particles 
are enclitics. (See Hem. Ex. 5.) 

30. 

Asu)v (6), a lion. 
Asaiva (rj), a lioness. 
*E\8(paQ (6), an elephant. 

A large elephant. A terrible lioness. A generous 
lion. Who is rich ? What is bad ? Who is pretty ? 



FIEST GEEEK COUBSE. 21 

What is handsome ? Who is amiable ? What is ripe ? 
Who is clever ? What is a jackdaw ? What is the 
man ? Who was active ? What was ferocious ? Who 
was handsome ? Who was poor ? Who was vile and 
ferocious ? Who was rich and wise ? Who was j^ust 
and generous ? What was difficult ? What was good 
and new ? What art thou ? Who was he ? What was 
he ? Which is it ? Who is she ? 

31. 

'AXe^av^pog (6), Alexander. 
nXoLTujv (6), Plato. 
AhxyXoQ (6), ^schylus. 
^ejLLipdfJiLg (ry), Semiramis. 

Asivri TjV 7} Xsa/i/a. TiwaTog rjv 6 T^scov, Msyccg rjv 6 
sXefag. Mdraiog tfv 6 xoXoiog, * Aya&og hn zamg a^rog, 
KaXog lari /Wog (xlkXag* Ko^u^ o^vig (So(pog ovx, gVr/. 
'BSXjov ^oysfov yori^rh ovx gVr/. E/ oJvog xa/vog s^tiv^ 
aya^hg oh% 'icri. E/ "I'^'rrog ds/X6g Idr/^ TtaTcog k(STi, E/ 
y^u^iov cLPyov hcrij xaXhn ovx gVr/. T/j rjv 'S.s/ubi^a/xig ; 
T/ ^1/ Ai(r^vXog ; HXdrcav iJ\ Msyag rjv 6 ' AXs^avd^og, 

Rem. — The article is sometimes used as a mark of distinction 
with proper names, 

32. 

NtKjj (>?), a victory 
*0p/i?7 (r)), an enterprise. ' 
"OttXov {to), a weapon. 
XpCJfia {T6)y a colour. 

The weapon was terrible. The colour was black. 
The victory was great. The enterprise was difficult. 
The horse was not sagacious. The lioness was not 
ferocious. The crow was not timid. The elephant was 
not young. The jackdaw was not black. The bread 
was not good. The water was not fresh. The wine 
was not bad. The table was not round. Thou art not 



22 ahn's method. 

Plato. Art thou ^schylus ? Alexander was wise and 
generous. Semiramis was just and good. O, what a 
lovely colour ! O, what a magnificent weapon ! 

33. 

BacTiXsvg (6), a king. 
Ba(7i\i(J(Ta (rj), a queen. 
^iXScrocpoQ (6), a philosopher. 
Hotrjrrjg (6), a poet. 

UXdrMV 6 (piX6(^o(pog, AhyyXog 6 'Troirjryjg. BoL6iXi66oL 
vsa %a} koCXti, 'H ^a(SiXi66a yivvaia xai y^a^h66a. *H 
^a6iXi66a (fofyj l6ri %ai dixoc/a, E/ ^aL(SiX[(^6a ds/Xr} 
s(^T^, ')(^^ri(^rr} oh% s(^ri, 'Ba(^iXsvg dsiXog, 'O (3a(^iXei'g 
a\(Sy^^og, Mdraiog tjv o ^cc(fiXBvg, El 'KTt^yog o (3a(^iXs{jg 
s6rt^ ')(^^Yi(STog ovx sVr/. ^sX6(ro(pog sL TLoiTjTTjg h(Sri, 
*0 dhiX(p6g fJ^o\j (piX6(ro(pog ohx t^Ti, 2o(phg tjv IJXdruv, 
As/vog TjV ' AXs^avd^og 6 (3a(^iXs'jg. Aoyiog rjv Al^ynjXog 
6 ^oirjTTjg. MsydXrj rjv ^efJbi^afMig t] l3adXi(f<ra, "^il 
(3a(SiXi(S(ra ! sJ ysvva/a %cci dya&T], 

Eem. — The noun naming the rank or quality of any person is 
placed last, with the article before it. 

34. 

"OjirjpoQ (6), Homer. 
KpolaoQ (6), Croesus. 
Eojicpdrrjc (dri^g) (6), Socrates. 
KXEOTrarpa (r;), Cleopatra. 

King Croesus. The poet Homer. The philosopher So- 
crates. Queen Cleopatra. A great king. A good queen. 
A poor poet. A rich philosopher. The king your father. 
My brother the poet. Your sister the queen. Art thou 
Croesus ? Is she Cleopatra ? What was he ? Homer was 
a great poet. Croesus was a rich king. Cleopatra was 
not an amiable woman. Socrates was a poor, but an 
honest man. Alexander was a great and a good king. 



FIEST GEEEK COUKSE. 23 

Semiramis was a wise and a just queen. If Plato was 
eloquent, Socrates was upright. O Cleopatra! thou 
art vain. 

35. 

UdvQy eia, u, pleasant, delightful, charming. 
TXvKvg, fia, v, sweet, agreeable, delicious. 
^OU'Qi eia, V, sharp, quick, rapid, swift. 
BaOvQj eiay Vy deep. 

IdTi TO vb(f)^. Th XP^l^^ ^^^ ^^^'* T/ xpojfjja Tjdv k6ri ; 
To mXov b^v Idri. T/ oirXov b^v 2671 ; 'H h^firi ovtc 
TjV 7]hi7cc. 'O /Weg b^ijg ovtc tjv. Tb %w^/ov avrou yjdu 
sen. 'H ipMvri avrov yXvKsTd l(^ri. 'H svoj^/a rjv yjdsTa, 
'O &^rog TjV Tjbvg %cct ayado^. IIoiT^Trig 7]hvg ^v 6 Ai^juXog. 
VXvKvg rjv 6 aprog^ xaivhg ya^ 7]V. 'H^t)g r^v 6 ohog^ 
ojpaTog yag rjv. TXvtcv ^v to x)h(f)p^ aya^hv yag r\v. To 
<pa6yavov fj^ov ')(j>y\(Srdv heriv., b^v yd^ sdTt, '^tl o'ia (pojVTj ! 

Eem. — The article is used in Greek with names of virtues, vices, 
colours, and some nouns, taken in a general sense, as to irvp, Jlre, 
TO vdujp, water. Also with names of countries, as rj 'Affia, Asia. 

36, 

MrjXov (to), an apple. 
BorpvQ., (6), a grape, a bunch of grapes. 
^AvsfiojvT) {rj)y a wind-flower, anemone. 
"AvOoQ {to), a flower. 

A delightful enterprise. A. pleasant and agreeable 
colour. The rose is sweet. The apple is pretty. The 
anemone is a charming flower. The bunch of grapes is 
handsome. The flower is beautiful. The apple was 
sweet, for it was ripe. The bunch of grapes was deli- 
cious, for it was fresh. The hyacinth is charming, for 
the colour is beautiful. An elegant anemone, and a deli- 
cious rose. A graceful hyacinth, and a handsome myrtle. 
O flower ! thou art beautiful. O, what a magnificent 
anemone ! 



24 ahn's method. 



37. 



BvToXfioQ (6, 17), neut. ov, bold, daring, fearless. 
*^\srjix(ji)v (6, ?7), neut. ov, merciful, compassionate. 
*AKavOu)Si]Q (a, 77), ^e?^^. w^fc> thorny, covered with thorns. 
'krjdrjQ (6, ?;), ?^^w^. eg, disagreeable, unpleasant, harsh. 

My}rr}p IXs^f/^oov. Uarrj^ sXiyj/Muv, Xojp/ov axavQojhg* 

* O ircug iuroXfLog, *Il 'TraTg evroXfJUig. 'O jS or pv g arjdyjg s(Sr,, 

* O ohog dr}d7]g hri. To vdoo^ arjdsg s<rri^ 'H o^/JbTj dy}drig tjk 
To e^yov dy^dlg rjv, E; yoi^iov dxav^Zihig l67i,^ ^^ri(frov ovx 
gVr/. ' AXs^avdpog 6 fSacfiXsvg r)V iuroXfJbog. KXso^ar^a 7} 
^a(siXi()6a riv iXsTjfiojv, 'O xoXoiog o^vig drjdrjg Jcr/. To 
jUbsXav ^^u}/Jboc dTjdsg i(Srt, 'H dvi[Jb(S)vri av^og yXvxu \^7tv, 
*H (poiivri avrov dridrig r^v, A/c^^vXog t}V ^oirir^g svroXf/jog. 
*A555)5^ rjv 6 a^rog. 

Eem. — Adjectives generally have three terminations, but some 
have two only, one for the masculine and feminine, and another 
for the neuter. These usually end in oq or wv, and have ov for 
the neuter, or in rjg with eg for the neuter. 

38. 

TifiLOQ^ ia^ ovy honourable, estimable, commendable. 
AvaT7]^6gy oVy haughty, repulsive, severe. 
AvGTvx^Q, fC» miserable, wretched, indigent. 
^v(Te[3rjQ, €Qf pious. 

A repulsive voice. A field covered with thorns. The 
king is haughty. My father is a brave man. My mother 
is a fearless woman. My brother is a bold boy. My 
sister is a daring girl. Your father is severe, but just. 
The enterprise was shameful. The deed was disgraceful. 
My poor and wretched brother, Art thou pious } If 
thou art pious, thou art estimable. Your horse is miser- 
able and vile. Your house is poor and wretched. My 
mother is amiable, for she is pious. Socrates was a pious 
philosopher. You are commendable, for you are indus- 
trious. Croesus was haughty, for he v/as rich. The book 
is estimable, for it is good. The queen is estimable, for 
she is merciful. Alexander was commendable, for he was 
a just and brave king. 



riKST GUEFK COUKSE. 25 



39. 



Wifii (enclitic), 1 ain. 

Et Kai, even if, though. 

Hag TTciffa, irav^ each, every, all. 

OvTOQ^ avTrj, rovTOy this. 

'TdxivQog ovro-g, Mu^Ctivt} avrr}, *F6dov rouro. *0 
/V'Tog ovrog fJbsXag scfri. 'H Vixr). avry} /nsydXr} IdrL 
To av^og roDro TiaXov 267t. Avffrvy^Tjg si/j^i, K^oT(^6g 
bJ/JjI ; 'EXs'/J/^wv s/'/x/ ;ca/ de/Xog, UoiTjTrig ovk sI/jlL T/V 
£/((;£// ; Av(ST'y}^6g sl^i ; T/$ oSrog hriv ; ^t'k6&o<fog 
av<^T7)fog fjv 6 UXdroov, 'O Xswi^ ^?3^/ov IXsTJ^aov %a} ysv- 
vaTov i(Sri, Tlav vdoj^ ou (Scc^l) s6ti. Hag ^acf/Xsvg oit 
(jjST^iog hri, Ilacra ^a6iXi66a o\j% eXsTj-aci^v scrL Uav 
^i(3Xiov ob [j^oyi^ov s67i. To (fd^yavov xa'/iov k^rtv^ si zee} 
h'^'j, *0 dvr^p yzvvaiog \67iv^ s/ %ai fjtroiy^og. To ^Sfjolov 
dyoc^ov hriv, g; zai dTcavdujdsg, *0 ^or^v-g yXvTthg iffrrp^ 
il xai oj^aTo^ o'j% s(^ti, 

Eem. — E(/zi heing an eaiclitic of two syllables, the accent is 
subject to the same variations as that of sort, but slfxi does not take 
the accent on the first syllable. (See Eem. Ex. 27.) 

40. 

"AvOpojTTOQ (6, ?7), a human being, a man, a woman. 
Zwoo/ (to), a living creature, an animal, a beast. 
Qrjpiov {to), a wild- beast, an animal, a brute. 
OvrjTog, ?7, 6v, mortal, perishable. 

This house, this table, and this knife. This bunch of 
grapes is delicious. This anemone is charming. This 
rose is beautiful. What is this ? Man is mortal. What 
am I ? I am wretched and vile. Am I vain ? I am not 
ferocious. If I am not rich, thou art not handsome. 
I am no philosopher. Every living creature is mortal. 
The lion is a generous brute. The horse is a sagacious 
beast. Every crow is black. All wine is not sweet. 
Every victory is not grand. The man is not vile, even it 
wretched. The boy is vain, though clever. This win- 
is good, though new^ 



26 ahn's method. 



41. 

^OsvoQ {t6)^ strength. 
^Osvdpogy a, 6v, strong, robust, vigorous. 
'AaOsveia (^)), weakness, infirmity, illness. 
*A.aQivr}q, eg, weak, feeble, infirm. 

*0 'jraTg 6kva^6g, *H 'jroug a^kvrjg, 'O Xswi/, ^55^/01' 
ffhvafov xai yswaTov, Th ^mv rouro d(^kvsg s(Sri, Yiav 
6y}^iov oh 6kva^6v B6ru Hag (piXo^ocpog ovx zhdi^vig I(Sti. 
TLag o^vig ob /jjsXccg S67L Ilao'a (pcfjvri ov-^ 7]ds7d hri, 
*H d(^$svsia avrou jLosydX?} stSrL *0 ^raTg 6o(p6g s(Sriv^ 2/ 
%ai vsog, 'O d^rog zaxSg Icr/v, s/ xai %aiv6g, Th (Skvog 
avrov oh pfzya l(SrL 'H 2s^a/^a/^/^ ^v yovy] (^hva^d, *H 
KXsoTTar^a ?}y yvvri dcfkvyjg, *H ^a6'iXi(^6a dvf^rv^Tjg ^v, 
d(^kvrig yd^ rjv. *0 jSa^iXBvg svToX/jbog jjv, (Skva^og ydp r^v, 
*H d^^svsia 6o\) TO ckvog /m'j i(Sri. 

Eem. — When two or more enclitics come together^ they throw 
back their accents upon each other. 



42. 



TlLvcLKiov (to), a tablet. 
MspoQ (to), a part, a portion. 
Uepiodog, (j]), a circuit, a globe, 
a map. 



YioraiiQQ (6), a river. 
HdpdaKit; {7)), a panther, a leo- 
pard. 
KapTTog (6), fruit, a result. 



A good portion. A bad part. A large tablet. A 
useful map. Man is compassionate. Illness is not 
pleasant. This river is deep. This man is infirm. This 
apple is ripe and sweet. Your brother is not robust. My 
sister is feeble. Your horse is weak. Work and strength. 
Poor and wretched man ! The panther is a ferocious 
animal. The grape is a delicious fruit, A feeble man is 
timid. A vigorous man is bold. Every enterprise is not 
commendable. Every knife is not sharp. Man is mortal, 
even if rich and great. The water is not sweet, even if it 
is fresh. The weapon is good, for it is sharp. The ele- 
phant is useful, for he is strong and sagacious. O, what 
a magnijficent brute ! 



FIRST OREEK COTJESE, 27 



43. 



"Ei'daificov, ov, happy, fortunate. 
'^vSo^oQ, or, glorious, renowned. 
"AXkT/xoc, ov, powerful. 



^XTTEprjcpavoQ, ov, proud. 
'ATL6d(T<TsvTog, ov, implacable. 
"A(p6ovoQj ov, abundant. 



' Avrio i\)hciifjj(f)v. T'ovri svdaj/ubcov, Zmv zuhaifj^ov, *0 
olvog a<pdov6g scfri, 'H svM'^/a a(pQov6g \(^ri. To vdoj^ 
ao^ovov \6rt, ' T'7rsP7}<pocvog sL E/ v'TTs^^pavog sJ, aTidd(f- 
(fsvrog il, Eu^aZ/xwv gf; 'O Tia^^og r}v ivdo^og. To s^yov 
r/v svdo^ov. "^vdo^og tjv t) v/zy}. *0 " Ojubrjpog rjv 'Trotrjrric 
ivdo^og, 'O Icfi'/.^drrig rjv (pi'k6(fo(pog svdo^og, *0 Xsoov 
hiokv akxiiMov \6ri. 'H Tdc^^aX/g, Qyi^iov ak'/j[Mov Ttai 
hiivov, *0 sXgpag, Zojov a\yj[jjOv zat ^^ri(fr6v, 'H KX?oVar^a, 
^a(f/Xt(f(^a v^BPyjfavog zai ari&d^^iurog, 'O 'AXsgav^fog, 
3a(riXs'jg \)^sP7i(pavog zal dT/dd(r(fsvrog. Ila^ av^^wcro^ ovx. 
i-jdalfcajv k(Srh^ 2/ 7tai i:Xol}(Siog %ai [isyag. 'O dbsX(pog 
avrov ehdaifxcfiv s6ri, (Jjzyag yd^ Icr/ za/ dXzi/Mog. Eu^cc/^awv 
il/jbi\ £/ za/ 'jrrotj^qg %ai dvi^rv^rjg. 



44. 



'A(pavi]Q, kg, obscure. 
^vpvg, ela, v, broad, vast. 
ApifiVQ, ela, V, fierce. 



^poj^ijuoc, ov, prudent. 
''A(ppiov, ov, imprudent. 
YjvytviiQ, eg, noble, illustrious. 

A fierce man. A fierce woman. A fierce animal. The 
river is broad. The enterprise is vast. The field is vast. 
The river is broad and deep. Every map is usefal. All 
fruit is pleasant. Every tablet is not round. This man 
is fierce and implacable. Your father was not an obscure 
man. The deed was obscure. Every river is not broad. 
All water is not sweet. You are poor and industrious. 
I am poor and indigent. My mother was an obscure, but 
an intelligent woman. My father was a noble and ho- 
nourable man. ^schylus was an obscure poet. Croesus 
was a rich, but not a wise king. The lioness is a fierce 
and powerful animal. The panther is a fierce and terrible 
brute. The rose is a sweet and beautiful flower. Alex- 

c 2 



28 



AHN S METHOD . 



ander was a great and noble king. Semiramis was a 
brave and estimable queen. Socrates was a prudent 
man and a pious philosopher. Cleopatra was a beautiful 
woman, but an imprudent queen. 



45. 



Zwypa^oc (o(})og) (6), a painter. 
'ZrpaTTfyoQ (6), a general. 
'FijTojp (6), an orator. 



Upocpi'jrrjg (o), a prophet. 
"Ava^ (6), a prince. 
Etvaij to be. 



*0 rrQTcc/jjOi ovz eii^vg z(Sri. *0 xap'rog ovrog yXvzvg Ttai 
r^d'jg i6ri. 'O ^s^Iodog ourog dya^og s6rt. To T/vax/ov 
toijto y(^^r,(rT6v sifn, 'H o^/x?^ gcutti (po6vi[j,6g s(Sri, 'O civa^ 
dvTi^ (ppovifLog Jcr/. IlPof)rirrig svtss^rig %ai 6o(p6g. 2r^a- 
ryjyog e'uToXfLog %ai \\iriij.m. Z(/)y^d(pog svysvrig %al 
IJjsyag. 'F'/jtoj^ Xoyiag xai (Skvapog, 'Aya^og sdrt^ 
spyccfrrixdg elvai. '2oip6g h67t^ (p^mfMog ihai. KaXog sffrij 
sXsTj/jLCfjv shai, O '7r^ofp7}r7}g sJfLi. 'P^rwp ovx sI/j^L *0 
ddsXf>og ccvTou ^T^arr/yog stSn. Tig sJ] Zcfjypd(pog sJ\ 
lldv XJ^ay hyjTov sc^n, Tldg dva'^ ovk shbaifMo^y Icfri, 
Udffa svcoy^ia o\j% a(pQo]^6g l6ri, *0 Xiwk Qtipiov dpi/j^v zai 

olo]/ ^ojov I 



AlyvTTTLa (r/),anEgyptian(/^;w). 
MaKtdwv (6), Macedonian, a Ma- 
cedonian. 
Tafxiag (6), a dictator. 



46. 

*A(T(7i;pto^"(6),an Assyrian. 
*A(T(yvpia (r)), an Assyrian {fern.) 
AiyvTrrioQ (6), Egyptian, an 
Egyptian. 

The Macedonian prophet. The Assyrian poet. The 
Egyptian dictator. Every fierce animal. Every animal 
is not fierce. This animal is not fierce. Every prince. 
Every fortunate prince. p]very prince is not fortunate. 
Is this prince happy f Alexander was a Macedonian. 
Semiramis w^as an Assyrian. Cleopatra was an Egyptian. 
To be poor is unpleasant. It is agreeable to be rich. 



FiEST greeb: course. 29 

To be generous is amiable. The lioness is ferocious. The 
ferocious lioness. The lioness is a ferocious wild beast. 
The lion is a powerful, but a generous brute. A fierce 
panther is a terrible animal. Semiramis the Assyrian, 
was a brave woman and a noble queen. Cleopatra the 
Egyptian, was not a fortunate queen. 

47. 

'ATTsWvg (6), Apelles. I FdyyriQ (6), the Ganges. 

^rjfiocrOsvrjQ (6), Demosthenes. 'NslXog {6\ the Nile. 
'Icratag (6), Isaiah. | "EjSpog (d), the Hebrus. 

' A'lrsXXrig 6 Z^ojy^oL^poc, 'l(ra'iag 6 '7r^o(p7jT7)g, ATj/j^oc^^svrig 
6 '^TjTOjp, *0 Ns/Xog 'jtorauJhi Alyxj^riog hart. 'O "'E^^og 
"TTOTaHiog b^vg hri. "Evdo^og hri, 'Evyhvrig sJ, "A(ppcjijv 
s/,aL ' Avri^ 'JTroj^og dvc^rv^rjg hri, 'Bac^iXsvg d(^hvyig ovx, 
svdaifiMV s(Sri, Zmv a6hv2g b'j6T\}'^sg h(STi, TvvTi /^ccra/a 
ohx svda//uba)v I^tL liobg ^r^arriyog ob (ro(p6g hru Udp- 
daXig d^ifjbsTa. Ila^ra itdphaXig d^ifj^sTd l(Sri, Jlav 'Ipyov 
ovx hbo^ov ecsri. Hag ^ot)y^d(pog ov7t i^yadrr/.og \(fri. 'O 
^po(p^T?}g fidratog, 'H dsiXy) A/yvTrr/a. ' A^sXXrjg ^v 
t^ajy^dpog evysvyjg, ^l(Saiag ^v 'irpo(p7jr7)g fj^syag, A>j,<AO(r- 
0evy)g yjv ^^rw^ ri/Jbiog, ^yadTiTthg yd^ tjv. 



^ev^tg (o), Xeuxis. 
KiKspdjv (b), Cicero. 
UepdiKKag (6), Perdiccas. 



48. 

'B7rafjLiLV(jjvdag (6), Epaminon- 

das. 
'IcTOKpdrrig {aTrjg) (6), Isocrates. 
^vXXag (6), Sylla. 

Isocrates the orator. General Epaminondas. Sylla 
the dictator. Perdiccas the Macedonian. Xeuxis was a 
renowned painter. Cicero was a great orator. The re- 
nowned poet Homer. Who is renowned ? Who is a 
poet ? Which is the orator ? What is a dictator ? Was 
the victory glorious ? Was the deed honourable ? Was 
the enterprise commendable ? To be lazy is shameful. 

c 3 



30 ahn's method. 

My brother is infirm. Your father, the general, is not 
strong. The black horse is vigorous. This wine is black, 
but it is good. The apple is large, but it is ripe. The 
bread is new, but is infamous. The repast was abundant, 
but it was disagreeable. A prudent prince is an estimable 
man. A wise queen is an estimable woman. A proud 
man is not a good general. An imprudent king is not a 
happy man. Every man is not vile, though poor and 
indigent. If a man is infirm, he is miserable, even if 
rich and great. 



49. 



UoXsfiog (6), war. 
*H(jvxi^a (rf), peace. 
Kpvfiog (o), cold. 
Qspfirj (97), heat. 



TJovrjpia (r/), evil. 
*Aya96v {to), good. 
Utvia (77), poverty. 
UXovTOQ (6), wealtli. 



Asmg Ic^Tiv 6 TToXi/uijog, 'EXsyjfj^cavstSriv tj ?i(fv^ia. Tif/biov 
edTf TO dyadov, ' ATidd(^(jsvr6g \6riv 57 ^ovrj^ia, lldg av- 
^^Cfj^og irXohdiog ovtc aXxi/u^og zdrt, lldv civOog ov %aX6v 
\6rt, lldda b^fjjYi ov ripi^ia styrL IlaCa /SccC/X/^rfTa ou 
(p^ovifjjog \6Ti, 'O K^vf^hg o^bg scfri. *H ds^f/jT, d^i/iLsTd Wr/. 
UovTjp/a (jjsyaXYi \(Sriv 6 ^oXs/Mog, *0 -ra/g svroXfjbog \(Sriv^ g/ 
xai vsog, *H 'jraTg d^yy} s6tiv^ s/ %ai crofr], *0 x^vfLog ovrog 
dyjdrjg s6ri, 'H Qs^ijjTI a\)rr\ yjdsTd 26ri, "Ehysvrig 'jtivioL ovx, 
aJ(f^^d sdri. TsvvaTbg ^rXourog "kXsyj/jjOjv Wr/. 'O itoXiihog 
riiJjiog \6riv^ g/ d/xaiog \csri, 'H r\6\)'^ia aKSy^od Icr/i/, 21 
a<p^Cfjv IdrL *0 ol%og (mod ')(j^7\(Srdg \(iri^ n>^yag ydg Wr/i'. 'H 
r^a-^rs^a a\)ry\ ya^iid^d \cri^ rpo-^aXri yd^ Wr/i/. To ^tfSX/ov 
Tovro yjpYi(irdv \(Sti xal oh (Moyzpov, To yjjip'io), avrov dya^ov 
26rtv^ g/ xa/ dTtccv^ojdsg, Ovtc dvrip y^vvouog riv l,{jXXag 6 
rafjJag, 

Eem. — The words arc arranged in the Greek sentence according 
to the order of their importance, the most emphatic word being 
generally placed first. 



FIliST GllEEK COUESE. 31 



50. 



"Eap (to), spring. I S^'oX^ (?)), idleness. 

XsifLia (ro), winter. I KdfiaroQ (6), industry. 

'Aperi] {ri)y virtue, "ETrriXaiov {to)^ a cave. 

KoTTog (6), toil, labour. j ToTrog (6), a place. 

A vast cave. A place covered with thorns. Honour- 
able toil. Noble virtue. Idleness is disgraceful. Industry 
is commendable. A wise king is just and prudent. Every 
man is estimable, if he is honest and diligent. A boy is 
vile, if he is idle and frivolous. A girl is not amiable, if 
she is vain and indolent. A man is not estimable, if he is 
proud and haughty. Alexander was a fortunate king, for 
he was great and powerful. Semiramis was a good queen, 
for she was fearless and merciful. The field, though vast, 
is not useful, for it is uncultivated. O spring ! thou art 
charming. O winter ! thou art severe. O what a magni- 
ficent cave I 



51. 



^HdivjVy (liiiv), ov, pleasactiT, 

more delightful. 
KaXXio)^, (laiJ/), 01/, handsomer, 

prettier, more beautiful. 
"H, than. 



AfLtivcjv, ov, better, more ami- 
able. 
KaKiiov Qiov), ovy worse, more 

wicked. 
Mei^ijjv, ov, greater, larger. 

To'TTog a/jbSivojv, ' O^firi a/zs/vwv. "'E^yov a/nsivov, *0 
oivog y}dic/t}v, *H suw^/a Tjdiojv. To vdojp TJdiov, 'O 'TraTg 
TcaKlojv, *H 'jraTg a///s/vwi/. To t^cLov fLi7Zpv. *0 avTip 
fjLSf^ojv, 'H y:vvri xaXX/wv. *0 Ssv^ig y]V <^(/jy^d(pog 
d(pavy}g. *0 AhyfyXog ijV 'iroiriTYig gv^o^og. Mzyag r]V 
l(Saiag 6 ^^o(prirrig. ^sfji,ipafLig 7] 'Acro'L/^/a r}V ^a<siXi<S6(x. 

Ev(rsBrig Tjv ^ojTC^drTjg 6 <pfX6(to(pog, '0 'E'TTot/Mi foovdag -qv 
(^TParrj'yog sAS'/J/xwv, xcci dvrjp o/xaiog, 'A^g/vwv yj SiXXag. 
KarJcov T^ KXsoVocrpa. Msi^oov i^ ' KXi^avb^og, *^bim 
7] oho?, '^H syoj %a7,\tojv. 



32 ahk's method. 



52. 



imprudent. 
^povifjLiorepogj spay ov, n 

prudent. 
BaOvrepoQ^ kpa, or, deeper. 



'EvpvTtpog, 6pa.oi;,broader, more 

vast. 
nXovcTLOJTspog, epa, or, riclier. 
'2o(p(x)rspoQ, spa, ovj wiser, more 

intelligent. 



Eem. — Some adjectives have irregular comparatives, as dyaOogy 
"good;" cLfisLViov, "better." Some form their comparative in 
i(i)v, as KaicoQj "bad;" KaKiijjv, "worse :'^ but generally, the com- 
parative is formed by adding repog to the root of the positive, as 
BaOvg, "deep;" BaOvrepog, " deeper :*' o being changed into (o 
when preceded by a short syllable, as (To(p6g, (To^ilyrepog, Adjec- 
tives, however, in wv form the comparative by adding EGrepog to the 
neuter, as d(pp(i>v, cuppoveaTepog. (See Appendix.) 

Better bread. A pleasanter repast. A prettier animal. 
A wiser boy. A more intelligent girl. A more sagacious 
animal. A richer king. A handsomer queen. A more 
prudent enterprise. A more imprudent act. A deeper 
and broader river. A vaster field. The more beautiful 
v^oman. He is a v^icked boy. She is a worse girl. 
This is a prettier book. Richer than Croesus. Deeper 
than the Hebrus. Eroader than the Nile. More impru- 
dent than wise. More prudent than generous. Prettier 
than a rose. Wine is better than water. 



53. 



''ApLCTTog, icTTrjy ov, best, most 

amiable, very good. 
KnKKTTog, i(TTrfy ov, worst, most 

wicked, very bad. 
KaWtffrog, iarr], or, prettiest, 

handsomest, very beautiful. 



MeynTTog, iffTi], ov, 

greatest. 
"E.di(TTog, i(jTi]y or, pleasantest, 

most delightful, very charming. 
'Er^o^oTttro^', rdrrj, or, most 

glorious, very renowned. 



*0 aprog dyadog, '0 d^rog dfjLsivojv, *0 d^rog d^tdrog, 
'H op[jjr\ %a%Yi, 'H b^fj^ri %a%i(/)v, *H opfj^ri %a%i(iTYi, 
To y^^Ziihd Tiokov. To yj^ZiiJ.^ naXkiov, To y^pooi^a xaCK- 
7.i(iTOV, '0 dvriP />£'2y/o'roc. 'H yxjvri fiiyidTTi, To ^( 
fMsyidrov, Olvog ribidrog, EOwp^^/oc yjdi(^ryi, "Tdojp rjdt(Srov, 
lloiriTTig ii/bo'^orarog ^v 6 ' OfJ^ri^og. Kap'TToc rihicrog k6Tiv 



OJOlf 



FIRST GREEK COURSE. 33 

(SoT^ug iioahg. ^i\6(So(pog svdo^orarog rjv 6 Swx^arjjj. 
To o^Xov a^KSrov sffrtv 6 (ridrjpog, *0 Arj/J^ocfdsvrjg r}V ^rjTMa 
si/do^6rarog, 'O oJvog 6 7Jd/(fr6g hnv 6 /j^eXag. ZMy^d<pog 
hdo^orarog tjv 6 'AcrsXXjjg. 



54. 



^otpiJrdTOQ, TOLTT], oVy "wisest, 
most intelligent, very sagacious. 

liKovcnujTdTOg, TCLTrjy ov^ rich- 
est, very rick. 

^fiOvifxiordroQ^ Tarr]^ ov, most 
prudent, very prudent. 



Evjourarog, toltt], ov, broadest, 

vastest, very broad. 
BaOvrdrog. Tarrjj ov, deepest, 

very deep. 
'A(ppops<7TdTog, rdrrj^ ov, most 

imprudent, very imprudent. 



Eem. Some adjectives have irregular superlatives, as dyndog, 
"good;" dpicrrogy " best;" some make the superlative in icrrog, as 
KaKog, ''bad;" KaKwrog^ "worst:" but generally, the superlative is 
formed by adding rdrog (but if in oji/, ecTTdrog) to the root of the 
positive, as in the foregoing examples. (See Appendix.) 

An intelligent boy. A most intelligent boy. A saga- 
cious horse. A more sagacious horse. A most saga- 
cious horse. A clever girl. A cleverer girl. A very 
clever girl. A rich man. The richest man. A prudent 
prince. A most prudent prince. A most imprudent king. 
A most imprudent queen. The broadest and deepest 
river. The largest farm. Croesus was the richest king. 
Epaminondas was a most prudent general. Cleopatra 
was a most imprudent queen. I am rich. He is richer. 
Thou art richest. 

55. 

*Av^^ zXBrjfiovsffrspog. Vvvri eXsrifiovsffrs^a, Zmv sXgaj- 
fMovs(fTSpov. 'O (^Idrj^og b^vrspog, *H (pCfjvri o^vrs^a. To 
(pdcjavov o^vrsoov. Tla,Trio dizaiors^og. Mtjt/jp giKTs/Sgc- 
rspa, BijSXiov TifMi6rs^ov, KoXoiog /m^sXdvrs^og rj Tcopa^, 
^Trjrc/jp XoytojTSPog -q l(i07ipdTT,g. 'Av/^^ bv^rvy^i^n^og '^ 
iyu). Batf/X/tftra fj:,2r^iojTs^a rj KXsoVar^a. "Tdoop yXv- 
y,-jrzPOv T] oJvog, Tvvri ihysvi^rspa rj ^i[jjipafLig, " kva^ 
'TtTifi-^riTipog 7] (piX6(ro<pog, Tvvt} rj avri^ d<jhv£(fTs^a edri 



34 ahn's method, 

3ta/ dsiXoTs^a, Asaiva ij Trd^daXic aXxi/ubMrs^a lo'r/ xai 
dsivorspoc. "F.^yov svyiisg j] v/xtj /xzydXyj svdo^ors^ov l6ri, 
KaXXioov rjv 6 vaxivdog, 'Hd/oov rj (Syjikri, ^ Afjjuvov ^TtT^iiyoc, 
sJvai 7) a<p^a)v, ^K(jjiiv6v (fr^arrjyog cyadhg uvai^ rj jScccT/- 

56. 

More delicious wine. A more agreeable repast. 
Sweeter water. Pleasanter fruit. A more delightful 
voice. A more charming colour. The handsome house. 
The prettier table. The more beautiful farm. A nobler 
man. A more illustrious lady. A more noble animal. 
Richer than a prince. Poorer than Homer. More com^ 
passionate than a woman. Sharper than a sword. Blacker 
than a crow. Apelles was a better painter than Xeuxis. 
Socrates was a more pious philosopher than Plato. 
Croesus was richer than Alexander. Demosthenes was 
more eloquent than Cicero. An elephant is more 
powerful than a lion. An anemone is a prettier flower 
than a hyacinth. It is more prudent to be just than 
generous. 

57. 

^AvYj^ rifj^iog. ^ Avri^^ ri^Kjjrz^og* 'Ar/j^ riiJjiujraTog, 
V'oyri yapii(S6a, Tuvy\ ^a^/s(^TSpa. Tvvtj yu^i26rdrri, Xm- 
piov d'/iavQoohig, Xw^/ov dxav&CAjhs^rz^ov. Xa)p'iov dncLv^oi- 
ds(^raTOV, Eucs/Sjig sifii, Fv(rs(3s(rrspog bL F\)6i^26rar6g 
sdTiv, 'O ohog yXxjTthrarog. *I-I suw;^/o6 d<p&ovc/)rdrri. To 
\)hc/)P drids<^rarov. 'H (^y^oXri a/V^/Vr?; Wr/i/. *0 xa^'TTog 
o^rog oiPaiorarog \6riv, *H ^s^ijjT] avrrj drihidrdrri sc>tL 
Tovro to (pdt^y avov 6'E,vts^6v goT/. X^ajfjua iLzXdvrarov %al 
d7jds(^Tarov, lloXsfjLog d(p^ovs(rTarog xai dv(rrv^s(trarog. 
<]>ojvyi oS^vrdryj xai dy}dsc>rdrrt. To ^wov rovro dsiXorocrov 
S6TIV. 'O ^ooxpd.ry)g rjv (piX6c>o(pog ri/jjidorarog xai sv(^sl3s(f- 
ruTog. 'O Kfxs^ojv r}V '^rjrc^p XoyioWarog. *0 ' AXs^avdpog 



FIRST GREEK COTJESE. OO 

AlyvcTT/a TjV i3oc(fiXi(f(^QC af)^ovs(rTdrrj. 'H Xsaiva Qripiov dsi- 
vorarov \6riv. 'O 'F.'rra/Mnvdjvdag 6roar7\jlg (i^ir^^idjrarog rjv 
xai dtzoc/orarog, *0 oJvog dridscrarog Wr/i/. 'O /Wog ^wov 
(TopdorccTov \6ri %ai svysvscfTocroy. 'H Xsociva ^rjpiov aXni- 
[jjo^rarov s6ti kgci demrarov, Kap^rog yXvKVTarog \(Sri rb 

58. 

A black horse. A blacker horse. The blackest horse. 
A timid girl. A more timid girl. A most timid girl. 
A shameful deed. A more shameful deed. A most dis- 
graceful deed. A ripe apple. A riper apple, A very 
ripe apple. A very poor and most wretched man. A very 
poor and most indigent woman, A very timid and most 
miserable animal. An abundant repast. A more abun- 
dant repast. A most abundant repast. The hyacinth is a 
pleasant flower. The anemone is a more charming flower. 
The rose is the most delightful flower. The panther is a 
powerful and ferocious brute. The lioness is a more 
powerful and more ferocious brute. The lion is a most 
powerful, but not most ferocious brute. This fruit is most 
delicious. This repast is most agreeable. This water is 
most sweet. Industry is most commendable. Poverty is 
most disagreeable. Black is the harshest colour. War 
is a very great evil. 





59. 








THE AETICLE. 






Singular. 








Masc. Fern. 


Neut 




Nominative Case : 


Oj 5^, 


^\ 


the. 


Genitive Case : 


roD, rng, 


rod, 


of the 


Dative Case: 


7-^^, ^-^^5 


rcC, 


to the. 


Accusative Case : 


rov, Tr}V, 


TO, 


the. 



36 



AUN S MKTKOI). 



Dual. 

Nom. ^ Ace. Cases : rw, ra, 
Gen, ^ Dat, Cases : roTv^ rcuv^ 



rw, the two, both the. 
ro/P, of or to the two. 



Plural, 



Nominative Case : 
Genitive Case: 
Dative Case: 
Accusative Case : 



0/, a/, rd^ the. 

TOjVy rwv, rwv, of the# 

roTg^ raTg, roTg, to the. 

rovg, rag J rd^ the. 

Rem. — (1) The article agrees with the noun in case as well as 
in number and gender, thus : d oltcoq rov *A\e^dvdpov, *' the 
family of Alexander." 

(2J The dual number is used in speaking of two persons or 
things, as toIv waidoiv, " to both the boys," 

(3) The article is often used in Greek instead of a possessive 
pronoun, as r] fiqTrfp, "his" or ^'her mother.'* 

(4) Besides "to," the propositions "at," "in," "on," "by,*' 
"with," and "for," are expressed in Greek by the dative case, 
as T(^ dyys\(i), *' by," "with," or "for the messenger." 



60. 



TpcLfijiia {to), a painting : f/en. 

ypafJifidrog, of a painting. 
Tpacpeig, £t<Ta, ev {ace, fern, 

ypatpetaav), painted, 
^EavTov, of himself, his own. 
*E7ryv€(7ey he or she praised. 
^Ej/, in, at. 
'Ytto, by. 
Kara, according to. 



^ATTsWrjg (d), Apelles : gen. 

^AttsWov, of Apelles. 
Elk(jSv {rj), {ace. eiKova^ dat. 

fiKovi), a portrait, a picture, 

an image. 
^AK'm (^), {d-cc, d^iav), merit, 

merits. 
"ErpeffOQ (o), (<^«^. 'E0€(7(^),Ephe- 

sus. 
eaaddfisvog, having inspected. 

*0 ihXKag dsmraros. *H '^s/ubipa/j./g hdo^ordrrj. To 
sap rfhtdrov. Tig ^v ^AXs^avd^og ; T/ 171/ 'AcrsXX^g ; ''Avag 
asr^/og xai hixatag -qv ^ AXi^avh^og. Zooy^dfog ri/jjioo^ 
rarog rjv 6 ^AireXXyjg, M^ttj^ (p^ovifjbog sJ %at evdaifiMV, 
*0 TaTg o^rog ddsXcpSg /JjOv sffri, 'H 'TraTg avryj dhzXfrj (loI) 
\(Sri, KaXrj xai vsa, ' Ayadog %ai svroXfjbog, Ba^r/X/Ctfa 
il IJbirpta, Ilraj^og sl/ubi xal hudrxjy^rig, E/ (p^ovi/jbog £/////, 



flKST GKEEK COIJESE, 



37 



ysvvaTog sJ. I^vp-j rjv to ^-TrrjAa/ov. 'AXs^a^^dpog hcctjdfMsvog 
rriv sv 'E0s(^(jJ sJxova kavroij^ rrjv 'uiro ^A'ttsXXov ypafshav 
cux \'7rfiVS(fs xara rnv a'^iav toZ y^d[Mijjarog. 

Bem. — (1) The preposition iv takes a dative case after it, as 
Iv 'E0£(T<^, " at Euhesus ;" vtto takes a genitiye, as virb \47rtXXoi}, 
/'by Apelles," and KaTa generally takes an accusative, as Kara 
rriv dKiav, '* according to the merits." 

(2) Ti)v uKova TTjv vtto \^.7^e\Xov ypatptlffaVj '* the picture, 
the by Apelles painted," le. "the picture that teas painted by 
Apelles." The article is often used in this way with a participle, 
instead of a relative with the indicative form of the verb. 

(3) OvK kiryveaE^ "he did not praise it." The particle ?V, wben 
put accusatively, is commonly understood in Greek. 

(4) *A\i^av^poQ OfacrdiJisvoQ rrju eiicova, '' Alexander having 
inspected the portrait." Active verbs govern an accusative case. 

61. 

He is an Assyrian. She is an Egyptian. Thou art a 
prudent and pious father. Perdiccas, the Macedonian, was 
a brave man. A panther is more ferocious than a lion. 
The field is very broad. The act was most wicked. King 
Alexander was a very great general. Xeuxis was a very 
clever painter. The anemone is a very charming flower. 
The apple is a most delightful and very beautiful fruit. 
The merit of the painting. His own portrait. The picture 
at Epliesus. The portrait painted by Apelles. More pious 
than generous. More amiable than prudent. You are 
w^orse than your sister. Wiser than I am. Alexander 
praised the picture, but not according to the merits of 
the painting. * 



62. 



"Ittttoq (o), a horse ; ffen. 'ittttov^ 

of a horse. 
BaaCKiVQ (d), (voc. BaQiksv), a 

king. ^ 
YAqaxQ^iQ eTia, tv {gen. dgax" 

OkvTOQ)f led in. 



XpifieTia-ag acra, av {gen. XP^f^^- 

ri(Taprog) neighed. 
'AXrjOlvog, 6v {a&c. mas. dXtj' 

6l7wv), real. 
Tpacpiicog, 6v, skilled in painting, 
"Oy£, iiye, royey this, your. 
D 



38 ahn's method. 



EkeXvoq, rj, {ace. mas. kiceTvov), 

that, that one. 
"Eotjcf, has appeared, has shewn 

itself, seems. 
Witts (eTTTsv before a vowel), 

he said, she said, it said. 



TJpog, to, towards. 

*Qg, as. 

Afi, but. 

'AXXd {dXX before a vowel), 

really, truly, but. 
Kara ttoXv, by far, a great deal. 



'Imfag rjv jrpofrjrrjg su(fsl3s(^TaTog. Ba^r/XsOg fJbsyag %ai 
Bvbo^orarog^rjv 6 ^ AXs^avdpog, Boto'/X/o'^ra svroX^mg %ai 
Ivdo^ordryj rjv yj 2sfji,/^afjbig, N/%>j svdo^og aiLuvm r\ UtI y) 
7)(^u^ia ; To ^woi/ ro (Tofuirarov hriv 6 ^'ir^og. To av^og rb 
naXkKSrdv l(S7i to *^6dov. To ^yj^iov ro dBivorocrov hriv 7] 
Asa/va. 'Rigay^&svrog hs rou 'h^ov xai ')(^pziM2T'.6avTog ^po; 
rhv 'i^'TTov Tov h rfj sJxovi, ug ^pog dXrjdmv xai hsTvo]/, " Si 
paC/Xsu, g/Vsi/ 6 ^ A'jtiWrig^ dXX^ oys /Wog soixs (^ov y§a(pi' 
KOjTspog sJvai xard ^oXuT 

Eem. — (1) YuiQax^'^vTOQ TOV 'iTTTTov Kul xpsfxiTi(7avT0Q^ lite- 
rally, "o/ been led in, of the, of horse, and of neighed," i.e., 
" the horse having been led in, and having neighed." A participle, 
when at the head of a sentence, together with ail the words de- 
pending on it, is often put, as above, in the Genitive case. This 
construction is termed the Genitive Absolute, 

(2) n(o6g TOV 'lttttov Iv Ty siKovit 'Howards the horse that was 
in the picture." The preposition irpog governs an accusative case, 

(3) 'Qq TTpbg aXr]Qivbv Kal SKalvoVy •' as if that had been a 
real one." 

(4) ''Q pamXev, " king !" The vocative case is used after the 
interjection J, and generally in all expressions implying an invo- 
cation. 

(5) Jlov ypatpLKojTepoQf "more skilled in painting than pou." 
The particle rj, " than," may be rendered, by putting the noun or 
pronoun in the genitive case. 

63. • 

The queen is a most amiable lady. The prince is a 
most prudent man. Socrates was a most estimable phi- 
losopher, Perdiccas was a brave general. The renowned 
poet Homer. The most glorious painter Apelles. The 
Nile is a very deep river. New wine is not very pleasant. 



FIEST GEEEK COTJESE. 



39 



The leopard is not a very sagacious animal. I am a painter, 
but no poet. You are a generous man, but no philo- 
sopher, A real horse. The horse in the picture. The 
philosopher at Ephesus. The father of Apelles. His own 
mother. The horse having been led in, Semiramis 
praised it. Cleopatra did not praise her own portrait. 
Xeuxis was more skilled in painting than Apelles. Alex- 
ander was no more skilled in painting than a horse. 



64. 
THE NOUNS.— FIRST DECLENSION. 



Feminines. 


Mast 


mlines. 


a day. 


an honour. 


a youth. 


'A^sXXy^g, 
Apelles. 




Singul 


ar. 




Nom. rjf/js^-a. 


Tl[J^7]. 


vsavi-ag. 


'A^BXX'Tjg. 


Voc. riiMsp-a, 
Gen. TjfMB^-ag, 
Dat. Y)fJi^sp-cc. 
Acc» rjfjbsp-av. 


Tifj^-rig, 

TifJb-fj. 


vsavUov. 
vsavi-a, 
vsavi-ccv. 


'A^iXX'd. 

'A<7riXX-ou. 

^ AitiXX-'fi. 

'A^sXX-TjV. 




Dual 




N.V.A, yj/ji^sp-a, 
G. Dt yjfMs^-aiv 


rifjj-d. 




'ATsXX-a. 
^A^sXX-aTv, 




FluraL 




Nom. "/jf/^s^-ai. 
Voe. 7]fMs^-au 
Gen. rjfjbsp-ojv, 
Dat. YjfMs^-ai^, 
Ace. rifis^-ag. 


Tl[M-CfJV, 

TifM-aTg. 
Tifj^-dg. 


vsavi-cit. 

vsavUai. , 

vsavl-aig. 


'A'TsXX-a/. 
^A'TtiXX-ai. 

^A'TTSXX-UV. 

^ A'TTsXX-aT^* 
^A'TTsXX'dg. 



Rem.— (1) To this declension belong feminine nouns in a, gen. 
ag; »;, gen. tjq; and masculine nouns in ag or -qg, gen, ov. 

(2) It will be observed that all the models have the terminations 
alike in the dual and plural, but that in the singular those in ag 

D 2 



40 ahn's methoi). 

have the vocative in a and the dative in ^. Some nouns in a have 
the genitive in rjg, the voc. in a, the dat. in y, and the ace. in av ; 
tliis occurs when a is preceded by c or by a double consonant, as 
jioixray ''a song," voc. fiovcra, ffen. fiovffTjg, dat. {jiovcry, acCo fiovaav* 
So rpaTTf^a, gen. TpaTrs^rjQ^ " a table." (See Appendix.) 

(3) The (/en.plu. of this declension is usually circumflexed on tbe 
last syllable, and an acute accent on the last syllable of the no?n. 
is changed to a circumflex in the gen. and dat. of all. the numbers. 
(See Eem. Ex. 24.) 



65. 



Et^f (^X^^ before a vowel), had, 

he, she, or it had. 
ITjOoi^X^i, he or she came out. 
KaTsXdf3e^ he, she, or it caught, 

captured. 
TlaptXOelvy to enter, 
E/^, into. 

Ilorfi (enclitic), one day. 
"J^vQciy there, where. 
Msvy indeed, though. 
Mi/i/, nevertheless. 



^uprj, ijg (»?), a bed, a couch, a 

lair. 
Afc'ati/a, XsalvrjQ (/}), a lioness. 
UcpdiicKag, ov (6), Perdiccas. 
'AXs^ai/c^lOog, dat. 'AXe^dvd^uj^ 

with Alexander. 
J^Kviivog (6), a cub ; fijcc. pht. 

(Ticv^vovg, cubs. 
Moi^c^, ?j, oi/, alone. 
'^vffTpar&vadjJievog, having join- 
ed in battle, having fouglit. 
KofjLL^ojv, carrying. , Ts (enclitic), yet. 

AvTTJg (gen. fern, of avTog)^ of i Ovrwgy so. 
her. ^ 

T/ ^1/ Bsv'^ig ; T/c '^y 2vXXag ; Boec/Xs-j^ sJ {jAr^iog, 
'Ba(}iXs(S6oL sJ IXsTjfjbCfjv, 'AXs^avdpog riv dr^arYiyhg (J^iyag^ 
7^1/ yap (ppovtfj^og %ai svroXfJs^og, ^ An^aGCtivrdryi kdriv rj "ttg- 
vripia. Hag ay^oooTTog hTjTog l(^riVj g/ %ai akxi^Jjog %ai 
svdo^og, "Avclo^ ycaXov l^riv 7] dvipAvri., 6 ds vaxiv^og %aX- 
Xiojy hrj\ %ai rb '^odov to %6XXi<srov> 'O QadiXivg sXsrjfj^ojv 
ic^TJVj rj ds l3a6iXt()6(/. sXs7jillovs(^ts^oc s(Sti\ xal b ava^ 6 
kXiriUjOVsCroLTog. *0 Xmv Qyipiov hnvov \(friv, i} ds Xscctvcc 
hivors^a s6ri^ %ai 7} irdpbaXig 7} dsmrdrT), Hspdixxag 
b MaKsduiv, b 6V()r^aTsv(^d/ub2\/og 'AXs^dcv^^w, ourojg ijv 
i-jToXiJjog^ ujg "ttots sig (S'rrriXaiov ^agiXklv.^ h&a ztyiv ebvriv 
Xsa/va, /Jbovog' %a\ rr\v [mv Xsaivav oh xarsXajSzy rovg ys 
firjv (fTcv/LLVovg ahrrig xojJjiZ^ojv ^^oriXkv, 

Rem.— (1) 'O ^e vaKivdog, "but the hyacinth." The particle 
Si has always some other word of the sentence placed before it. 



FIEST GEEEK COXmSE. 41 

(2) *0 (TvaTpaTSV(jdfjievOQ 'AXs^dvdptij, the having! fought with 
Alexander y i. e. who had fought with Alexander » With after verbs 
Bignifying to fight is rendered by a dative case. (See also Rem. 2, 
Ex. 60 ) 

(3) *'Qc iroTEj " as one day." Unaccented words take an accent 
before an enclitic, but not ov or d before £ijwi, htfrL (See Bern. 
Ex. 27, also Rem. Ex. 41.) 

(4) *'l£ivQa dxf^v evvi^v \saiva, "wbere a lioness bad its lair." 
The possessives his^ her^ its^ are frequently understood. 

(5) Tj}j/ fikv Xkaivav ov KarkXa^e, rovg ys (TKVfivovg KOf.d^ojp 
TTporiXQev, '* though he did not capture the lioness, yet he came out 
carrying the cubs." The particles fisv, ys, like dsj have always some 
other word of the sentence placed before them. 

66. 
'Ama, ag {rj)* -A.sia. ^vepytaia^ ag (17), clemency. 



2tfCf\ia, ag (»?), Sicily. 
GfrraXtof, ag (17), Thessaly. 
KXeoiraTpaydrpag (jj), Cleopatra. 
*A<Tavpiaf ag (r)), an Assyrian, 

(fern.) 
AlyvTrrlai ag ())), an Egyptian, 

(fern.) 
'Aiia, ag ()}), merit. 



^Ardpeia, ag (1;), courage, bra- 
very. 
OpaKri, fjg (17), Thrace. 
'YcTTciaTrrig^ ov (6), Hystaspes. 
UoirjTrjg, ov (6), a poet, 
Srpari(t»rj;C) ow (6), a soldier. 
AyaTTjgf ov (6), a brigand. 
NtK?;, rjg (jl)^ a victory. 



The poets. The honours. Eoth the youths. Assy- 
rians and Egyptians. The courage of Apelles. The 
black colour of the couch. The merit of the soldier 
was great. The heat of the day was most unpleasant. 
The prettiest flower of Thessaly. The sweetest fruit of 
Thrace. The deepest river of Asia. The worst brigand 
of Sicily. The most glorious victory of Perdiccas. The 
portrait of Cleopatra the Egyptian. The cave at Ephesus. 
Alexander captured a lioness. The lion painted by 
Apelles. The panther had a lair in Sicily. Socrates 
praised the clemency of Hystaspes. Sylla the dictator waa 
so bold as to enter one day into the cave of a lioness. 

• 67. 

BdpPapog (o, 17), a barbarian, a 1 Atwv (6), (ace. Xiovrat) a lion, 
foreigner; dat.plu, l5ap(5dpoigy V'^XXrjv (d), an Hellene, a Greek*, 
foreigners. | dat. jplu. "EXXrjat, Hellenes. 

D 3 



42 



AHN S METHOD. 



Sfjutpa/iic (v)» (^^^- SfjLiipa/xtj/), 

Serairamis. 
UdpdaXiQ^r)), {ace. 7rdpSd\Lv)y a 

panther. 
Avaixaxog, ov, difficult to fight. 
'ExKQCLTriQ^ eg, having power 

over, master, mistress. 
ToLovTog {gen, plu, toiovtmv), 

such, like. 
Tt (enclitic), any. 
AXKog, a\\»7, aXKo, other. 
nf7ri<Trfi;rai, was thought, has 

been considered. 
^aGi, they say, it is said of. 



ElXfi, he or she took, seized. 
ILarkKTave (y\ he or she slew, 

killed. 
'Eyli/sro, he or she became. 
'E0po2/€i, he or she thought. 
A£, indeed. 

EiTTorf, if at any time. 
Movov, only. 
Foul/ fcai, at least. 
Ilapa, by. 
"Ort, that. 
Tfi (enclitic), both. 
''H, or. 
'AX\a Kai, but also. 



^ucr'jp^jjg. Us^dlTCTcag GTparriyog r/v ip^ovi/iiog xai ivroXf/jog, 
UXdrMV (piX6(^o(pog rjv sbfrsfSrig %al Ti/tMiog, RXsoTrar^a 
TjV /3ao'/X/o'(ra /xara/a ;ca/ a<p^Cf)v. Th ^m^iov tovto dpyov 
tdri %al dxavd^dsg. 'H yvvrj avrr} /^^ty}^ sdrh dycL^y\, 
Yldg avQ^oiitog ovx av^Tri^og sdriv, *0 olvog ovrog yXvxvg 
scfriv. *H rpd^s'i^a avrri x^7i(Srri l(^r/v, Avty} tj svcfj^icc 
TldsTd Idri. Ils^i(fr2urai os oh ihdvov ita^a roTg "'EXkri^iv 
d\%iiJj(^raTOV rs %aJ h\j6(jja')(jIiTaTOV iJvai ^rj^iov rj Xsatva^ 
aXkd %ai 'Tta^d roTg fSa^jSd^oig' ^acl yovv xat ^s/jjt^afMiv 
rriv 'Ao'(ri»^/av, on ovz, hitots glXs Xsovraj fi ^d^daX/v 
Tca^TSTcravsv, rj aXko ri tojv toiovtoov^ aXX' g/ Xsahrjg 
syx^aTTig sysvsrOj /iLsya s<pp6vsi. 

Rem. — (1) "H aXXo tl tCjv toiovtiov^ "or any other (animal) 
of that sort.'* 

(2) Miya l(j)p6vet^ "she thought it a great exploit." The word 
Trpayixttf " a thing," "deed," or "exploit," is understood in this 
sentence. The compound verb fjieya 0poi/£tv literally signifies " to 
think great," but has also the power of " to think one's self 
great," " to pride one's self," " to feel proud." 



68. 



*H(yvx'iay ag \ri), peace, 

quillity, repose. 
Hivia, ag (ry), poverty. 



tran- 



*AKpif3Ha^ eiag (ij), punctuality. 
Uovrjpia, ag (r/), evil, wicked- 



riEST GREEK COTTKSE. 



43 



'OpfXY], rJQ (??), an enterprise. 

Mvrjfirjy TjC (r)), memory, mind. 

r^, yi]g (77), the world, the earth. 

Ai)pa, r]Q (/)), thirst. 

Ban-iXico-a, 77c, a queen. 

Tpdire'^a, s^rjg (7)), a table. 

^vWag, ov (6), Sylla. 

Icratac, ov (6), Isaiah. 

IlfXoTri^ac (i^atOj ou [p)y Pelo- 
pidas. 

'ETrajUftrwv^aC) ov (6), Epami- 
nondas. 

EvpLiridrjQ (i^??c)> ou, (6), Euri- 
pides. 

i5?6p^7;c, ov (6), Xerxes. 

*Apra|gjO^/?g, ov (6), Artaxerxes. 

'Ojo6vr?7c> ov (6), Orontes. 

'AXKif^LadrjQ {ddrjg)^ ov (6), Al- 
cibiades. 

TdyyrjQ, ov (6), the Ganges. 

UpoipijTrjg, ov (6), a prophet. 

Svjoa/covo-at, wr (at), Syracuse. 



^iXnpyvpia, ag (r/), avarice. 

*A(T0Ei/£ta, etac (y/), illness, weak- 
ness, infirmity. 

'Eyicjodrtia, tiag (7/), endurance, 
self-denial. 

Xii'pa, ag (77), region, tract, 
country. 

Evw^ia, ag (77), a repast, a feast. 

'IvOta, ag (ry), India. 

Botwrta, ag (ri), Bceotia. 

Xlerjoa, ag (77), a stone, a rock. 

2rparia, ag (77), an army. 

^vfKjiopdf ag (r}), a calamity, 
misfortune. 

'AttXkt}, rjg (ry), Attica. 

^ujvr], rjg (77), a voice. 

*Ade\(prj, rjg (r}), a sister. 

Ospfirji Y]g (77), heat. 

^Aperrjy rjg (77), virtue, worth, ex- 
cellence. 

2x0X77, ^c (77), idleness. 

Atx/i77, ^c (»7), a spear. 

*E7ri(5ovXr]y rjg (r)), a conspiracy. 

Rem. — (1) Some proper names in ag have a genitive in a, as 
SvXXov or SuXXa, *< of Sylla.'^ 

(2) The names of some towns, as SvpaKoiJcai, *' Syracuse," are 
used only in the plural number. 

The poets ^schylus and Homer. The evils of poverty. 
The conspiracies of Orontes. The voice of the prophet. 
The avarice of Sylla. The feast of Artaxerxes. The 
daring enterprise of Alcibiades. The illness of the poet 
Euripides. An uncultivated region in Asia. The sharpest 
sword in Boeotia. The richest prince in India. The most 
illustrious general of Attica. The most renowned philoso- 
pher of Syracuse. The black colour of the rocks. The 
vigorous memory of Isaiah. The noble virtue of the sisters. 
The shameful idleness of the army. A glorious victory of 
self-denial. The implacable wickedness of the soldiers. 
The fierce thirst of the lioness. Pelopidas captured a pan- 
ther. Xerxes seized the cubs of a lioness. Epami- 



44 



AHN S METHOD. 



nondas killed the lion with a spear. The horse having 
neighed, the queen praised the portrait. If Perdiccas at 
any time became master of a lioness, he felt proud. 



69. 
NOUNS— SECOND DECLENSION. 



Neuters, 
a gift. 



dSup-ov, 






ddoP'Oig, 

Eem. — (1) To this declension belong all masculine and feminine 
nouns in og, and all neuters in ov, that have the genitive in ov, 

(2) Masculines and feminines of this declension have the same 
terminations, but neuters have the voc. and ace. sing, like the nom.^ 
and the nom., voc, and ace. plu. end in a. 

(3) When £ or o precedes the termination, contraction takes 
place ; vooQy "mind," gen. v6-ov, becomes vovc, gen. vov ; bariov, 
*' a bone," gen. oarkov, becomes ocrrovv, gen. ogtov ; and theso 
contracted forms run through all the cases (See Appendix). 



Masculines. 


Feminines 


adsX(p6g, 


odog^ 


a brother. 


a way. 




Singular. 


Norn, adsXf'Og, 


od'Og. 


Voc. ahO\.(p-s. 


od'S. 


Gen. ddsX<p-ov. 


od-ov. 


Dat, ahsk(p-w. 


od'Qj. 


Ace. ddsXp'Ov, 


od'OV. 




DuaL 


N.V.A. ddskf'dj. 


od'U). 


G. D. dbsX(p'o7v. 


6d-oTv. 




Bural. 


N. V. ddiXip'Oi. 


6d-oi. 


Gen. ddsX<p-u)v. 


65-wv. 


Bat. ddsX<p-oTg. 


od'oTg. 


Ace. dhX(f)-o\jg. 


od'Ovg. 



FIBST GEEEK COTTKSE. 



45 



(i) Some nouns of this declension have forms in w^, as XaycooQy 
or \ayujg, *' a hare ;" these forms in o}g are declined thus : 

Flural. 



Singular. 
iV. V. Xay-(jJg. 
Gen. Xay-w. 
Dat. yay-(f. 
AcG. Xay-iov. 



Dual. 

N.V.A.Xayui. 
G. D. Xayt^v, 



]^. V. Xay-ip. 
Gen. Xay'wv. 
Dat. Xay-(pQ. 
Ace. Xay-uiQ. 



The ace. sing, is written Xay-iov^ Xay-iog, and Xay-ui indif- 
ferently. 



70. 



IToXfjuog, ov (6), war. 
Tiora^og, ov (6), a river. 
KoXotof, ov (6), a jackdaw. 
Kpoto-o^, ov (6), Croesus. 
KapTTog, ov (6), fruit. 
Aaphlog^ ov (6), Darius. 
'Ayp'og^ ov (6), a field, an estate. 
TiXovTog, ov {6), wealth, riches. 
UspLoSog, ov [i]), a circuit, map. 
ToTTog, ov (6), a place. 
IIlvclkloVj ov {t6% a tablet. 
Tivd {ace. mas. of Tig)^ a certain. 
'Idiovg {ace.plu. of id tog), own. 
Tovroig (dat. plu. of ovTcg), those, 
O'lTTEf) {nom.plu. of o^^TTfjo), that, 
Avrov {ace. phi. of avTOQ)^ him. 
'Opaiv, seeing. 
''E;^or, having. 
^povovvTa {ace. of (ppovutv), 

thinking. 
'Eil-novTog {(/en. ofeiTrujv), saying. 



TeTV(pioij,€vog, rj^ ov, puffed up, 
conceited. 

Teypafi/jisvcg, ?;, oj^, repi*esented. 

"Eydys {v), he, she, or it led. 

E^'jOf, he, she, or it found. 

Jlpogsra^e, he or she bade, de- 
sired, commanded. 

f^povtlg, thou thinkest, you think. 

EiVt or £/(TiV (enclitic), are, they 
are, there are. 

'AvetceiTo, it was displayed, lay 
exposed to view. 

*AvaZr}Tslv, to seek, to seek for. 

AtaOprjcjai, to have observed, to 
examine carefully. 

OAcgV, no. 

Ovdafjiov, nowhere. 

'EvravOa, there, thereon. 

'Qg de, when, after, as soon as. 

'E:ri, to, upon, in, into, on ac- 
count of. 



*0 Ka^'irog yXvz'jrarog xai rjdi(jrog, *H (piXa^yvpIa, 
Kpo/Vo'j. O/ rod 'AXzilSiddov ay^oi, *H rov vsaviou 

Tou TiiXo'TTihou. *H rov ^oXs/jbov (iv[jj(po^d dvcfrv^rjg, Th 
rou TCoXoiou %^S/xa, f/^sXav %a\ dyjdsg, *0 "E/5^o^, rrig 
6pdx,r}g 'Ttora'jjog ih^ijg %ai fSadvg. 'O Tdyyrig 'xora/xog 
\6Ti rrig 'ivdlag. * O^ujv 6 1(^%odrr\g rbv ^ AX)nl3tddrjV rs^ 
T'j(p(f)iJjZvov s'tt} tuj 'TrXovTCAfj Ttal yjijoL (p^ovovvra k'jri roTg 
aypc-zc, r^yaysv avrov hiri riva ro^ov^ h&a dv2%2iro irtvdyjov 



46 ahn's method. 

dvaZ^rjTsTv, 'fig ds sS^s, crpocrsra^s rovg dypovg /dwvg 
bioL&^Yl^ar TO\j h\ sl'Ti'ovrog' "AXX* ovda/jjov ysy^af/j/jjsvoi 
g/V/i/*" " E-TTi TovToig^ sJ^s, fMsya (p^ovsTg, om^ ovdkv /iLS^og 
TT^g yrig slciv ;'' 

Rem. — (1) Oi TOv'' KXKi^iddov aypoi, ''the lands of Alcibiades." 
The noun is often placed, in this way, after the genitive it governs 

(2) *H Evspyeaia i) tov IleXoTriSov, "the clemency of Pelo- 
pidas." The article before the genitive implies that some parti- 
cular act of clemency is referred to. 

(3) 'OpCJv 6 ^iOKpaTTig tov 'AXKifSicidrjv T£rv(p(ji}fisvov sttI T(^ 
TrXovTiiiy " Socrates seeing that Alcibiades was conceited on account 
of his riches." A participle is often put adjectively in this way, 
instead of a relative with verb. 

(4) Mkya (ppovovvTaeTTi roXg aypoig, "great thinking," {. e, 
that he thought himself great by reason of his estates. (See Rem. 
2, Ex. 67) 

(5) Kal TTpogsra^ef " and he desired him," Pronouns are fre- 
quently understood. (See Rem. 3, Ex. 60.) 

(6) Tov dk eiTTovrogy " on his saying." Here on is expressed 
by th.e Genitive Absolute. (See Rem. 1, Ex. 62.) 

(7) *E7rt TovTOig, "on account of those estates.'* The word 
dypolg, " estates," is understood. Observe that Itti, when used in 
the sense of " on account of," governs a dative case. 

(8) 'Etti Ttva TOTTovj ^^to a certain place." Here IttL is used 
in the sense of "to," and has an accusative after it. 

(9) Mkya ^poveig ; " Do you think yourself great ?" (See Rem. 
4, above,) 

(10) EtVtj/ for ehi, " are." Words having a short final vowel, 
sometimes take v at the end of a sentence. (See Rem. Ex. 23.) 

71. 

Ytoc, ov (6), a son. j 'Ypicavog, ov (o), a Hyrcanian. 

TafiPpoc, ov (6), a son-in-law. \"E(peaog, ov (o), Ephesus. 
Kupoc, ov (6), Cyrus. MyyTrrog, ov (r/), Egypt 



JlToXofiaXog. iov (6), Ptolemy 
Adyog, ov (6), Lagus. 
'SiKOffTpoLTog, ov (6), Nicostratus. 
'Apyelog, eiov (6), an Argive. 
*A\(^av8pog, ov (J), Alexander. 
^iXtTTTTO^, ov (d), Philip. 



NeiOTspog, epov (d), the younger. 
'^vfjLfiaxog-, ov (d), an ally. 
'EvffTparrjyog, ov (d), a colleague. 
"Ittttoc, ov (d), a horse. 
Bdppdpogy ov {6 or r)), a fo- 
reio^ner. 



^Apifia^og, dlov (d), Aribazus. I IJaXrdi^, ov (rd), a dart. 



FIEST GREEK COTTESE. 



47 



*'Opiov, otf (to), frontier, confine. 
^'OirXov, ov {r6).f a weapon. 
"Epyor, ov {t6)j a work, an act, 

a deed. 
Orjpiov, ov {to), a wild beast. 
^TrifKaLOVy ov (to), a cave. 



KvvrjyecrioVi ov (to), a hunt. 
Mi^Xov, ov (ro), an apple. 
'Pddov^ ov (to), a rose. 
^dtyyavov, ov (ro), a knife, 
^KVfjLvoQj ov (to), a cub. 
Ori/5aXog^ ov (6), a Theban. 



Artaxerxes, brother of Cyrus the younger. Orontes, 
son-in-law of Artaxerxes. Pelopidas, colleague of Epa- 
minondas, prince of BcEotia. Nicostratus, general of the 
Argives. Ptolemy, son of Lagus, king of Egypt. The 
estates of Alcibiades. The acts of Alexander. The wild 
beasts of Thrace. The barbarians at Ephesus. The- 
darts of the Thebans. The weapons and horses of the 
Hyrcanians. The great wealth of Aribazus. Perdiccas 
found the cubs of the lioness in the cave. Philip led his 
horse to a certain field. Croesus thought himself great 
on account of his wealth. Socrates praised a tablet having 
a map of the world. The poets did not praise the me- 
mory of Hystaspes. O king ! said Euripides, your horse 
is a great deal wiser than you. 

72. 



NOUNS.— THIED DECLENSION. 



Neuters. 





"EXXtjv, 
a Greek. 


Xafjij<7rdg, 
a lamp. 

Singular. 


a wound. 


Nom. 
Voc. 
Gen. 
Bat. 
Ace. 


"EXXyjv. 

"'EXXrjv. 

"EXXriv-og. 

"EXXriv-t. 

"EXXriv-a. 


XaiJj'jrdg. 

Xafjj^dg. 

Xaiiitdh-og. 

XaiMfirdh-t. 

Xafj^Trdd-a, 

Dual. 


T^a'j/ubar-og 


N.A.V. 
G.D, 


"'EXXriv-i. 


Xafjj^dhs. 
Xa/jL'Trdd'Oiv, 





48 ahn's method. 



Flurat. 



Nom, ""EXXrjv-sg, Xa/X'Trdd-zg, rgaiJ/^ar-a, 

V^oc. "EXkriv-Bg. y^af/^'jrdd-sg. r^av/jyar-a. 

Gen, 'EXX^v-oiv. Xa/ub'Trdd-cjjv. r^avf/jdr-ojv. 

Dat, "EWrj^cf'i. Xa/ATa-^r/. TPai)[jjd-(5i. 

Ace, "FiXXrjv-ag. Xa/jj^rdd-ag. rpav/Jbar-a, 

Eem. — (1) All nouns that have the genitive in oq belong to this 
declension. 

(2) It will be observed that the masculines and feminines have 
the same terminations, but the neuters have the voe. and ace. sing. 
like the nom., and that the nom. voe. and aec. x>lu. end in a. 

C3) The vocatives of all tlie genders are generally like the nomi- 
natives, but nouns ending in q drop the c, as nom. ttoXq, " a bo3%'* 
voe. TToi; nom. (SaffiXevg^ '* a king," voe. PaaiXev; except ttoD^, 
** a foot," and oSovgy^' a tooth," these preserve the g to distinguish 
them from ttov, '' somewhere," and odov, gen. of bdog. Nouns in 
ag or ng, gen. vrog^ make the voe. in v, as yiyag^ *' a giant," voe, 
yiyav. 

(4) When a masculine or feminine noun increases in the gen., 
the increment is retained throughout the other cases, except the 
voe. sing, and dat, plu. The consonant of the genitive is dropped 
in the dative plural when i of the dative singular is preceded by 
V or by d, r, 9. If v itself is accompanied by 8, r, or 0, both 
consonants are dropped, as yiyag^ gen. yiyavrog^ dat, sing. 
yiyavTi, dat. plu. yiydcri ; and when the dative singular makes 
ovTi, the is changed into ov after the consonants are dropped, as 
Xtu)v^ " a lion," gen. XsovTog, dat. sing. Xkovrt, dat. plu. Xiovai. 

(5) In the models given above it will be seen that masc. and 
fem. nouns have the ace. sing, in a; nouns, however, in ig, ttg^ avg, 
and ovg generally take v^ as 6(l)igj " a serpent,'^ aec. o(piv\ fSoTpvg, 
*' a grape," aec. fSorpvv ; ypavg^ " an old woman," aec. ypavv ; 
jSovg^ "an ox," ^ovv, but Aig, '* Jupiter," makes Ala. 

(6) When lo x)y tj precedes the final consonant of the nom, these 
vowels are sometimes changed into o, a in the other cases, as Kvtojfj 
*^ Si dogy" voe. Kvov] (rairrjp, *' a preserver," voe. GtJrsp, and e is 
very generally dropped in the gen, and dat. sing., as firirrip, ^' a 
mother," voe. fJirirepy gen. fxrjrspogy or fjLrjrpo^j dat. fJir]Tipiy or 
^rjTpi. 

(7) The doubles ^ and •<// are resolved into their simples in the 
oblique cases, as nom. (pXexp ((pXefig), " a vein,*' gen, ^Xepog ; 
Kopa^ {KopaKg)j "a crow," gen. KopaKog; but are retained in the 
dative plural, as Kopa^i. 



FIRST GEEEK COURSE. 



49 



(8) When the genitive ends in og, pure, that is, when preceded 
by a vowel, some of the cases are contracted ; thus : — 

fSacnXevg, "a king;" gen. ^adiX-kwg, 
Flural. 



Singular, 
Nonu paffiX-evg^ 
Vo€. Patn\-ev. 
Gen. ^acTiX-sog {eojg). 
Dat. (3a(nX-£i (ft). 
Acc» fSaaLX-ea {rj rarely). 



Kom. l3a(nX-s&g {elg or yg), 
Voe. jSaaiX'Sfg (eXg). 
Gen, paatX-Siov. 
JDat, l5a(nX-ev(Ti. 
Ace, jSaaiX'iag (tig). 



Dual. 
ir.V.A. PatTiX-t's. 
G, D. PaaiX'Soiv. 

So in other nouns st, eg, and ea are usually contracted into el ; 
but €rt, except in ace. plu,^ generally becomes rj, and ef of the dual 
is likewise sometimes contracted into rj. Nouns in og or rjg that 
have eog in gen. contract eo into ov, as iispog^ '* apart," gen. nsp-eog^ 
but contracted into jjiep-oug ; so 'EcjKpdrrjgy " Socrates,'* gen, 
^ijjKpdr-eog, ^(oKpoLTovg. (See Appendix.) 

(9) In the genitive Xafiirddog, the penult vowel is short, and the 
penult quantity of all the other augmented cases (including the 
dative plural) is the same as that of the genitive. 



73. 



KaraffKOTTog, ov (6), an ex- 
plorer, a pioneer. 

*0d6g, ov (17), a way, an expedi- 
tion. 

^YScltlov, ov (to), a drop or 
small pool of water, 

Kpdvog, eog-ovg {to), a helmet. 

^aKtdwv, ovog (6), a Macedo- 
nian. 

"Y^wf), aTog (to), water. 

Ai\l/og, eog-ovg (to), thirst. 

KolXog, rj, ov {dat. fern. KoiXy), 
hollow. 

MTfcpo^, a, ov (ace. neut. fjLiKpov)^ 
little, small. 

"Avvdpog, ov (aec.fem. dvvdpov), 
without water, arid. 

*Op<ivTit)V (gen. plu. of bpC^v), 
seeing, beholding. 



*OSsv(ji)v, crossing. 

^avivTog (gen. sing of (paveig), 

glittering. 
'AvTsxovTeg (ace. plu. of av- 

rexo)v)y resisting, bearing up. 
'AXaXd^ovTsg (nam. plu. of dXa- 

Xa^wv), uttering shouts of joy 

or praise. 
ITtwi/, drinking. 
Aei^agj having shewn. 
BaXovTsg (ace. plu. of ^aXwv)^ 

having gathered, thrown. 
Y^vpovTsg (nam. plu. of tvpu>v)y 

having found. 
AvTog, he himself, the same. 
UdvTOJV (gen. plu. of Trdg), all. 
'Ettovsl, he or she suffered. 
'E^g^st, he or she overturned. 
Xprjj it behoves, one ought. 



50 



AHI!^ S METHOD. 



Kofii^_ov(n (v), they bring. 

*E K6\6uor,they called, appointed, 

desired, commanded. 
'EvOvfiETvt to have courage. 
*HysL(T9aif to be chief or leader. 
Mrjy not. 



Ovv (enclitic), then. 

EyjO(J(Tra>^, bravely. 

'Ytto, from. 

Aid, through, in consequence of. 

UpoQy against. 

'Qg, as, how. 



g'TToi^s/, xoci 0/ Ma%g^oi/sg • 0/ ds %ara67iO'7rot rrig %w^a^, h 
xoiXp 'TBTpcx, fJbiTtpov vddriov sbpovrsg^ rovro (SaXovng sti 
Kgdvog ' AXs^dvdpitj xo[jjiZ^o\j6iv. 'O bs rfj armaria dei^ag^ 
oog ivdvpi^sTv '/^h'i pavsi/ro^ 'xiharog^ avrog (j^n 'rrichv^ ^P/C^' ''^ 
xpdvog^ ^dvrcfjv o^ojvrcfjv. 0/ ovv MocTtzdovsg dXaXd^cvrsg 
sTisXsvov avro]/ riyiT^^ai ryjg 6do\j, 'jrfog to dl-^og zvpojcfrcfjg 
avrs^ovTsg^ did rriv rov jSac^iXsMg \y%2^drziav, 

Hem. — (1) Trjv dvvdpov {yw)y " the without water (land)," i, e. 
"the desert.'* 

(2) MiKpbv v^driov, " a little water.'* 

(3) *0 ^8 Ty (jTpaTiq. Sei^aQy "but he having shewn to the £irmj,'* 
i. e. " but he, in order to shew to the army.^'' The articles 6, r), 
are sometimes used as pronouns equivalent to he^ she^ it, 

(4) 'Qq evOvfiELv xp^i " as it is necessary to have courage." 

(5) f^avEVTog vSaTog, *' the water being visible ;*' and iravriov 
opwvTioVf " whilst all were looking on/' are further examples of 
the genitive absolute. (See Rem. 6, Ex. 70.) 

{Q) KvTOQ nTj TTiioVj '* the same not drinking/* i.e. "without 
drinking it." The particle firj is used instead of ov when the ne- 
gation refers to an incidental clause, or to a single word, of a sen- 
tence. 

74. 



Mr]Vj 6g (6), a month. 
"EttjO, og (to). Spring. 
liXdrioVj og (6). Plato. 
KiKsp(jjv, og (6), Cicero. 
'26X(i)Vf og (6), Solon. 
'ld<T(i)v {''ld<yiijv),ovog (6), Jason. 
'EiKiovy ovog (?)), a portrait, a 

statue, a figure. 
*HyfjLiwv, ovog (6), a chiefj a 

leader, a prince. 
^P?irw|0, oQog (6), an orator. 



BoTpvg^ vog (d), a grape, a 

cluster of grapes. 
"AvOogy Eog-ovg {to)^ a flower. 
Asog^ eog-ovg {to), fear, terror. 
Mkpogj iog-ovg (to) a part, a 

portion. 
KdWog, sog-ovg {ro)^ beauty. 
AvvoLfiig (log, eo^) ^ojg {rf), 

power. 
ndpddXig (log, eog) etjjgj (jj), a 

panther. 



FIEST GEEEK COUKSE. 



51 



^(iJKpdrr}g,sog-ovg (6), Socrates. 
"Ocptg {iog,eog)ftiog (6), a serpent. 
^povrjdig, fjcreojg (r/), prudence. 
Aiffxporrjg, ijrog (/)), shame, 
AoyioTYjg, r)Tog (^), eloquence. 
IStoTrjg^ r}Tog (r)), youth. 
Tijpag, arog (to), age. 
Xpwjua, drog (to), colour. 
Krrifia, drog (to), a possession. 
Updyfjia, aTog (to), a thing, 

affair, act, deed, business. 
BXififxa, aTog (to), the aspect, 

countenance. 
Aswv, ovTog (6), a lion. 
Tkpijjv, ovTog (6), an old man. 
^EXscpag, avTog (6), an elephant. 
KopaK, aKog (6), a crow. 
KoXal, diccg (6), a flatterer. 



'AXwttt;^, iKog (tj), a fox. 
'0/i>}Xt|, tico|^ (6), (^om. j!?/^,5^. 
ofXTjXiKsg), of the same age, a 

contemporary. 
"Ava^, ciKTog (6), a prince. 
"Opvig, Wog (b, ?)), a bird. 
Sfi'^f^, i^ojf (6), Xeuxis. 
riapvadTig, Xdog (ry), Parysatis. 
^sfxipafiig, iSog (ry), Semiramis. 
IlaT^, TTaidog (6, ?)), (??om. j»/««. 

TToideg), a boy, a girl, a child, 

a young man, 
Harrjp, iraTpog (6), a father. 
MrjT7]pf firjrpog (?/), a mother. 
'Avrip, dvSpog (6), (?^om. j^^w. 

dvSpeg), a man. 
Tvvrj^ yvvaiKog (??), (?zo«2. ^?^^. 

yvj^ai/cff ), a woman. 



The young men and the old men. The thirst of the 
panthers. The beauty of the children. The birds of 
spring. The men of Sicily. The women of Thrace. 
The power of the chiefs. The black colour of the crows. 
The terror of both the lions. The contemporaries of the 
poets ^schylus and Homer. The portraits of the painters 
Apelles and Xeuxis. The eloquence of the orators Al- 
cibiades and Aribazus. The prudence of Alexander, the 
son of Phihp, king of the Macedonians. The virtue of 
Jason, prince of Thessaly, and ally to Epaminondas. 
The flatterers of Parysatis, the mother of Cyrus and Ar- 
taxerxes. The most agreeable possession is youth. The 
best possession of age is strength. The most noble pos- 
session of youth is virtue. The aspect of the man was 
fierce. The self-denial of Solon was great. The estates 
of Alcibiades are no part of the earth. The explorers of 
the desert bring water to the elephants. Orontes cross- 
ing the country suffered from terror. The lioness was 
considered, not only by the Greeks, but by foreigners, to 
be the most difficult animal to fight. Really that fox 
is more compassionate than you. O king ! do you 
think yourself great on account of your power ? 



52 



AHN S METHOD. 



75. 



«^iXoffo0ta, ag (/y), wisdom, 
science, philosophy. 

Ilat^fta, ac (^), education. 

'Evaspiia, ag (r/), piety, grace. 

QspaTniay ag (^), praise. 

Ilai^ovpyia, ag (»)), cunning, de- 
ceit. 

Aot^opia, a^ (jy), criticism. 

"NofioOsTTjg, ov (6), a legislator. 

4)tXoc, ou (6), a friend. 

*E;^0poc, ov (6), an enemy. 

KoVo^, ov (d), toil, labour. 

OdvcLTog, ov (d), death. 

Srparjyydc, ou (d), a general. 

'A^???>aToc, 01' (d), an Athenian. 

4>tXd^wo(;, ov (d, 7?), a lover of life. 

'QoV, oij (to), an egg. 

e??(7ai;po'c, oi) (d), a treawe. 

^Apyvpwv, ov (to), silver, a 
piece of money. 

Xpuo-ior, ou (ro'), gold. 

"EKacTTog, rj, ov, each, every. 



ATjKrXKog, rj, ov, biting, severe, 
virulent, 

TevvaXog, a, ov, {dat, mas. yev" 
vai(p)^ of high birth, generous. 

XprjffXfiog, rj, ov, useful, benign. 

EvTTopog, ovj abounding, abun- 
dant. 

KpHTTCJv, ov, better, superior, 
more estimable. 

JloXv/uiaOrig, kg, wise, learned. 

UdvTiov (gen.plu. oiirdg), of all. 

UoWii) (dat, sing, of TroXvg), in 
much, by much. 

Tivofisvog, becoming, 

'ATToQvrjdKijJv, dying. 

'Eyo;, I. 

'Hfup (dat plu. of eyJ), to us. 

Vr]pd(Jicix), I grow old. 

"EXsye, he or she said. 

Kara (Ka9' before an aspirate), 

Merd, after. 



*H (SrpoLricx, 'E-ra/^s/vwi/^a. To; <7roiy}ra A/c^^vXog %a} 

^vPi'Trldyjg, 'Nixoc^r^cirogj UeXoTTidag %al ^E'Tra/ubsivoovdocg o) 
()TpaTr}yoL 2s////^a/^/c xai KXso'Trarpcx, ra /SaC/X/Vca. *H 
TTavovpyla tojv aXoj'TTsxc/jvi *0 ddvarog rov 2oij7ipdrovg. *H 
ai^ypoTYig tujv s-y^^oov. Ta ood ru)V ofsoov, O/ ^aTdsg roTv 
ys^ovroiv, Udg dv^pc^^og fiXo^ojog \c>riVj 2/ zai dv(fTV^7ig 
%ai '7tT(fi'Yog. 'H d^zTYi 'tXovtov xpzirrm s(frlv. *0 'AXs^- 
avdpog 6 (^iXtTT'Trov^ dva^ /xir^tcurspog ^v %ai dizaiors^og. 
*0 xo'TTog si Tcal /LLoysphg rrig (S-yoXrig diLmm Jtfr/v. 2dXwv, 
6 rZiv ^Adrjvalcf)v vofjjodsrrig, 6 (io(f>uirar6g rs Ttal ^roXu/^j^a^str- 
rarog rojv 6/^>jX//ca>v, sXsys' yivo/Jbsvog %a^ \%d(SrYiV 7]/ut,s^av 
^oXvfjbads(rrs^og eyoij yyipdaxco. l^ojTtpdrrig dirohrjcfKMv ijv 
rojv lyfipZjv savTou fMsi^ojv %at e\jdai/xo/s(^TS^og. Ovrog 6 
(piX6c!oQ)og oxjTi dpyv^iCfj Ticci Xi^^^^ '^^ irXobdiog^ dXXd (piXo' 
6o(2)iay gutfs/Sg/a xa/ d^BTrj 'ttoXXuj sv'TropoJrarog. 'H Xo/- 



FIEST GKEEK COUKSE. 53 

dopia s^dpou bri%Ti%oZ \(Sriv yhJjTv croXXJ ^PTj^i/LLcorspa rrig 
hpa'TTsiag (pjXov KoXcc'Aog, Msra rriv dpsr^,v, t] irathiia. 
*7:ccibi yswatuj ^dvTMV rcov ^r}(favpoov \(Sriv 6 [MiyidTog %a/ 
rifj^iUiTarog. 

Rem. — (1) '0 Tov ^iki-mrov, " the son of Philip/' The words 
father, mother^ son, are often understood, in which case the article 
indicates the word dropped. The article itself, however, may he 
likewise omitted, as ^apeloq ^sp^ov, " Darius the father of 
Xerxes." 

(2) VivofjisvoQ, " hecoming," i. e, ^' I hecome." An elliptical use 
of the participle termed the Nominative Absolute. 

(3) Ka0' eKCLffTrjv rifJispav, "hy each day," ^'day hy day," 
"daily." 

(4) noXX<^ evTropiorarog, " exceedingly ahundant." 

(5) MsTOL rrjv ajotriir," after virtue." The preposition fieru 
when used to express " after," takes an accusative case. 



76. 



MvpcTivy, t]g (y/), a myrtle. 
*AvefjL(ovrff rjg (?)), an anemone. 
TaiJ-iag, ov (6), a dictator. 
^L\6(JO(pog, ou (6), a philosopher. 
ZMypdcpog, ov (6), a painter. 
AvOpioTTog, ov (o), man. 
*A(T<TvpLog, ov (d), an Assyrian. 
AiyvTrriog, ov {6% an Egyptian. 
*'Ofirjpog, ov (d), Homer. 
Ah^vXogy ov (d), ^schylus. 
'NiTXog, ov (d), the Nile. 
"Eppog, ov (d), the Hebrus. 
"Aprog, ov (d), bread, a loaf. 



Otvog, ov (d), wine. 
'YaKtvOogy ov (d), a hyacinth. 
Kdfiarog, ov (d), industry. 
KaipSg., ov (d), a time, a season. 
Kpvfiog, ov (d), cold. 
BijSXioj/, ov (ro)^ a book. 
Zwoj/, ov {r6)y an animal. 
XwjOtoi^, ov (to), a field, a farm. 
'IcroicpdrrjgjSog-ovg (d). Isocrates, 
ArjfioaOtvrjg, Eog-ovg (d), Demos- 
thenes. 
SOsvog, eog-ovg, (ro), strength. 
XfTjLia, G,rog {ro), winter. 



Great in power. Rich in grace. Prudent in war. 
Abounding in strength. Education is a treasure to men. 
Beauty is a gift to women. The most useful possession 
is gold. The most perishable possession is power. Heat 
is pleasanter than cold. The rose is sweeter than the 
myrtle. Industry is nobler than idleness. This wine is 
better than the bread. An Assyrian is darker than an 
Egyptian. The hyacinth is a prettier flower than the 
anemone. The elephant is a more sagacious animal than 

E 3 



54 ahn's method. 

the horse. Spring is a great deal more agreeable than 
winter. The Nile is a deeper river than the Ganges. 
The Ganges is broader and deeper than the Hebrus. 
Homer was a greater poet than ^schylus. Demosthenes 
was a more eloquent orator than Cicero. Winter is 
the season of labour. Socrates was a more pious philo- 
sopher than Plato. The panther is swifter than the 
elephant or any other animal of that sort. 

77. 
THE ADJECTIVES— FIRST DECLENSION, 



(jjovog^ 


alone. 


Singular. 


^og, 


sacred. 




Masc. 


Fem. 


Neut. 


Masc. 


Fern. 


Neut. 


Nom. [J^6v-og^ 


->jj 


-OV. 


^-og, 


^d, 


-OV. 


Foe. fJl^OV'S, 


-^. 


-OV. 


h^4, 


-a, 


-ov. 


Gen. /Ji^ov'ov, 


-ng, 


-ou. 


h^-ov, 


-a^, 


-oD. 


Dat, (^OV'U), 


-??? 


-a;. 


\H~'h 


-a, 


'Gj. 


Ace, [lOV-OVy 


-riv, 


-ov. 
Dual. 


h^' QVy 


-av, 


^6v. 


N,V,A,iJj6v'(f)^ 


-a, 


*co. 


h^-Uiy 


-a, 


'(Jo. 


G.D, [JjOV'OIV^ 


1 -a'S 


Flural 


is^-oTvj 


-a/y. 


'oTv. 


N.V. [J^OV'Ol^ 


-a/, 


-a. 


h^-Ol, 


-«/, 


-d. 


Gen. ihov-m^ 


-CfJV^ 


-m. 


iZ^-OOV^ 


-wy, 


-COM. 


Bat, fi6v-otg^ 


'ccig, 


'dig. 


h^-oTg, 


-aTg. 


-o?g. 


Aee. /nov'oug, 


-ag, 


-a. 


h^-O'jg, 


'dg, 


-d. 



Rem. — (1) To this declension belong adjectives of three termi- 
nations : the masculine and neuter declined like nouns of the second 
declension, and the feminine like nouns of the first. 

(2) Adjectives ending in pog or oq preceded by a vowel have a 
in the feminine singular, the others have rj. 

(3) As some nouns in og of the second declension are masculine 
and some feminine ; so, in some adjectives of this declension the 
form in og serves for both masculine and feminine ; as mas. nm\ fern. 
dXKtfiogy ''powerful;" neut. aXKlfiov; gen. for all genders aX/ciuov. 



riEST GKEEK COUESE. 



55 



(4) There are a few adjectives of this declension that have forma 
in w^, these are decline<l like nouns of the second declension, 
that have the same termination, as masc. and fem. I'jUTrXfwg, "full," 
neut. e^ttXecjv ; ^en. sing, for all genders iuTrXeuj. (See Eem. 4, 
Ex. 69.) 



78. 



^Piofirj, vjg (rj), force, strength. 
TvxVy nQ {h)i fortune, chance. 
Ma%7/, r}Q {i]), a battle, fight, 

combat. 
BovXrj^ rjg^ (^), a counciL 
Opyrj, rig (r/), anger. 
Atria, ag (t/), a cause. 
^iXiaj ag (»/), friendship, love. 
^o<pia, ag (»?), knowledge. 
'Avdpeia, aq (r/), courage. 
*AXri9tiay ag (?/), truth. 
Upopoia, ag (??), foresight. 
AvSog, ov (6), a Lydian. 
^iKvu)Viog, ov (d), a Sicyonian. 
Moiptxog^ ov (d), Mericus. 
MKTavOpiDTTog, ov (from fiicTsoj 

I hate, and avOpoinog), (d, ^), 

a misanthrope. 
<E>*Xapyypoc:, ov (d), a miser. 



Kd(T/xog, ov (d), the world. 

Gedf, ov (d), God. 

KiVovrog ov (d), danger. 

Tifjiojv, lovog (d), Timon. 

<E>wc, (pijJTog (to), light. 

"Opi/i^, i^oy (17), a hen. 

Tovsvg, eog-Eiog (6), a parent, 

KoivSg, 7j, ov, common. 

BsPaiog, a, ov, solid, durable, 
constant. 

'laxvpbg, a, ov, strong, attrac- 
tive. 

'Fadtog, la, ov, easy; super, 
pa<JT0g, rjy ov. 

"ApovXog, ov, blind, headlong. 

^ATrdvTiov {gen, plu. of aTvag), 
of all. 

TavTa(neut.plu. of ovroc), these. 

Mev-Ssy but. 



'2o(poi avdpsg, l^ofal yvva/TCsg, ^o(poI ^c^ja. 'H svffs- 
jSs/a Tov irarpog 6o<po\j, *H p/X/oc rrig fjbTjr^hg (^o(pr}g. 
To C^si/og rov Z(^ox) (fo<pov, *H <p^6v7i6ig rov ^arpog xal 
Trig /J^yi'^pog (fo(poTv. O/ "TraTdsg (So(poi. O/ av^^gg (fo(pu)r2^oi, 
A/ n/'ji^a/jcsg (^ofoorarai, 'H 'ir^ovoia tmv ysvsojv (fo(pctj' 
rdrrjjv, 0/ Xgoi/rsg, ^>jp/a ^g/va aXXa ysvvaTa, *H sui/^i 
roD Xsovrog^ ^yjoiov dsivov dXXa yevvaiou. *H o^^»5 roov 
7^i6vr(/)v^ &yj^/(fjv dsivuv dXXd ysvva/c/jv, *0 ^sTXog %a} 
6 Tdyyrig^ iroraujo} sv^vrarot %ai jSa&vraroi, ^ooK^drfjg 
zai llXdrooi/j (piXoaofot (p^ovi/jjdors^oi %ai sv(rsj3s(fTB^oi, 'H 
dXrjkia rrig airiag biTtaiag. 0/ TC/vdvvoi roJv ^oXs/jboov 
dsivordrcfjv. K^o/Cog, Moipi-^og, %as Tlff^MV 6 fJiji(^dvd^Cfj'7rog, 
'TrXovffidoraroi rojv AvdooVj %ai roov ^r/,vCfJv/MVy %ai roov 
^ A^r^^o'jfjiv. 'Ev 7a7g ykv jSovXaTg t] (p^6vri(fig rJjg Xoyio^ 



56 



AHN S METHOD. 



rrjTog \(Sti npuTrm' Iv ra7g hi i^ayjac,^ r\ u[3ovXog 
avh^iia d/is/vojv hri rrig (p^ov^c>sojg. 'H cop/cc XTT^f/^d hrt 
rh %aX\icrov xa/ ro (SsfSaiorccrov d^ravTC/jv rov ^TrXovrov 
%a} rrig ^oj/uurig xai rov xaXkoxjg hri -ttoXXcC iSs^ociors^ay 
ravra yap hrjrd s6riv, T/ (ikyitsrov ; 6 %o6iLog, T/ 
\d.(irov\ TO Tjdv, T/ /Vp^u^orarov ; yj tu^yj, T/ ^pyj(fi/j,oj' 
rarov ; 6 Qsog, 

Bem. — (1) *Ev Toig jLter fSovXalg q (pp6vri<nQ Trjg XoyioTrfTog Ian 
KpeiTTLJV' kv toXq de. . , , The particles fikv-^s are used simply 
to shew the connexion between the two clauses of the sentence, and 
when employed in this way, have no equivalents in English. They 
may, however, in this instance, be rendered by "but,'' thus : "In 
council, prudence is more desirable than eloquence, but . . . ." 

(2) TavTa yap Ovrjrd kariv, "for these are perishable things,''* 
The word irpayiiaTa^ " things," is understood in this sentence, and 
consequently the verb eari takes the place of €t(Tt, " are," it being 
a rule in Greek that a noun in the neuter plural, when it refers to 
inanimate objects, has a verb in the singular. 

(3) Ti fisyiaTov'f " what greatest .^" i,e, ''whsitthmff is greatest^** 
In interrogations both the noun '^ things," and the verb "is," are 
usually understood. 

(4) To rjdv, " the agreeable," i. e. "what is pleasant." The 
neuter forms of adjectives are used with the article as substantives. 

(5) 'EojKpcLTrjQ Kai UXaTiov^ (piXScrocpot, here the noun (})i\6ao(pog 
refers to two persons, and ought properly to be in the dual ; the 
plural, however, is often used under such circumstances. 



79, 



TlicrroQy ^, oV, faithful. 

AoLTToQy i]-, ovj surplus, future. 

'iKCLVoQy rjj 01/, enough, sufficient, 
plenty. 

HomlKog, rjj 6v, marine, sea. 

*Ivdlic6gj rjj 6v, Indian. 

^KvOiKogy rj, 6vf Scythian. 

*0\Xyogj r/, OV, few. 

Mkaogy rj, ov, midst, middle. 

"NsKpog, a, 6v, dead. 

^oPspog, a, 6v, frightful, dread- 
ful, formidable. 

Aafiirpog^ a, 6v, luminous. 



^ripog, a, ov, dry, arid. 

'EpvOpog, d^ oj/, red. 

TLmpogy a, ov, bitter, pungent. 

'Yypog, a, ov^ moist, watery, 
damp, humid. 

Tpvxripogi a, or, ragged, tattered. 

Tpvcpepog, a, 6v, voluptuous, 
luxurious, 

Kaprepogy a, oV, firm, patient. 

"^KXfjpog^ dj ovy hard, unscrupu- 
lous. 

TTorTypo'c, d oV, penurious. 

'AOpoog, a, op, accumulated. 



FIRST GKEEK COUitSE. 



57 



'EvavTwg, ia, iov, unfriendly. 

UoXkiJLiog, ia, lov, hostile. 

"l^ioQ^ ia, lov, own, one's own, 
private. 

TeXoXoQf ia, lov, laughable, ri- 
diculous. 

^AvdpeToQy ia, Tor, courageous, 
manly. 

"AOviiog, ov, discouraged. 



"HjJiepoQj ov, tame, tractable, 
kind, clement. 

"ATpenTOQj ov, intrepid, invin- 
cible. 

Xpv(ToT6Kogy ov, that lays golden 
eggs, with the golden eggs. 

^iXepyogj ov, loving work, hard 
working, industrious. 

*Afi(pippc7rcg, or, leaning to both 
sides, doubtful. 



Penurious friends. Ridiculous enterprises. Frightful 
countenances. Tractable soldiers. Hostile criticisms. 
Clement acts. The men are unscrupulous. The 
women are unfriendly. The children are timid. The 
weapons are good. The myrtles are pretty. The apples 
are ripe. One's own estate. Hens with golden eggs. 
Future seasons. Marine birds. River horses, frightful 
brutes. Elephants, powerful animals. Panthers, brutes 
very difficult to fight. Lionesses are more difficult to 
fight than panthers. Men more skilled in painting than 
the Greeks. Soldiers more courageous than the Mace- 
donians. Age is more courageous than youth. The 
prudence of an inteUigent legislator. The worth of 
real wisdom. The evils of a doubtful war. The death 
of constant and faithful friends. The councils of Semi- 
ramis, queen of the Assyrians, a daring and courageous 
woman. Perdiccas captured the lioness and her cubs in 
a vast cave. Hystaspes killed the panther with a sharp 
knife. Alexander suffered thirst at the Indian fron- 
tiers. What thing is wisest? — Truth. What thing is most 
beautiful ? — Light. W^hat is most common } — Death. 



80. 



K50aX^, rjQ (r/), a head. 
Ot/cia, ag (rj), a house. 
*A7rXrj(7Tia, ag (r/), insatiability. 
^YTTCKplrrjg, Ov (o), an actor, 
hypocrite. 



lEvspysrrig, ov (6), a benefactor, 
AiKacTTrjg, ov (6), a judge. 
llXovrapxog, ov (6), Plutarch. 
Qv^og, ov (6), the will, passion, 
Kvvtjyogj ov (6), a hunter. 



68 



a.hn's method. 



AlXovpoQy ov (o), a cat. 

'Eyfct^aXoc, ov (6), brains. 

MopfxoXvKsTov (to), a mask. 

Mug, fivoQ (6), a mouse. 

Xtipy %£tpoe (ry), a hand, a 
paw. 

Kpt(riC, ewg {ri), a judgment. 

SKcvog, €oc-ovc (to), a move- 
able, a utensil, a property. 

GuXa^, aKoc (o), a sack of flour. 

'YyiaivovTeQj wv (ot), the 
healthy. 

"NcaovvreQ, (ov (ol), the sick. 

l^vrvx^vvTiQi wv (ol), the for- 
tunate. 

'OpyiXog, >;, or, subject to anger. 

"AOiicrcg, ov, intact, sacred. 

^Avewix^iprircQ, ov, impractica- 
ble, invulnerable. 



'EXOijjv, ovaa^ 6v^ having en- 
tered. 

'AvaXafStJv. ovaa, ov, having 
lifted up. 

AtepeuvwjiitvoQ, t], ov, turning 
over, investigating. 

'KaTe(TKeva(TiiBvoQ^ rj, ov, 
wrought, made up. 

npccTTovrsQ, {nom. of phi. Trpar- 
Tiiiv, oucra, ov), doing. 

"Hv, which. 

"E^ft, he, she, or it has. 

Aey£t, he, she, or it says. 

"E^?/, he, she, or it said. 

Ohdivf EVOQ, (to), nothing. 

Ovdk (ovd' before a vowel), nor, 
or (for nor), neither. 

KaKwg, ill. 

Ei;^ua>c, cleverly, curiously. 



0/ binaural dixaioi. Tee xp/Vgs diza/a. Ta craXm 
rwv ?CLiv?5ywv dvdpsic/j)'^ A/ a^srat evi^ysrojv ysvva/oov. *0 
•rXovrog M^dog rov (piXa^yv^ou (SxXyjoou %ai irovri^oZ, 
OvfM(fj a^iKTOv ovdh^ ovd' dvs<7n^si^?ir6v Icfrtv, A/ yvvahcsg^ 
^g Xsysi ITXourapp/os', roov dv^poj^rm o^yiXuirs^a! sl6iv' 
0/ yo(^ovv7sg ruv hyiaivdvT'j)\^ o) ys^ovrsg roov vsavi^v^ or 
TCazojg "TTpdrrovTsg tojv svrv^ovvrcfjv u(Siv opytXdorspoi, 
'AXouTTTj^, g/g o/Xiav sXdov(Sa b^oK^irov^ %ai s7ca<^TOV rojv 
avTo\) 6%ivojv dts^swc/jfLsvYj^ gS^s xai %2(paXr^v fj^o^fioXvxsiO'j 
eij(pvojg xaTiCXiva^iJ^Bvrir rjv xal dvaXci(3o\j(ra raTg %g^(J'/V, 
i<pri' "^n olec KS(pocAril xoci syxs(pocXov obx s^Si.'^ 

Eem.— «(1) 01 KaKihg TrpdrTovreg, *'the doing badly," i.e. *' the 
unfortunate." 

(2) Eig oUiav vnoKpirov, *' into a house of actor," i. e. "into 
an actor's house." This construction of the genitive, which fre- 
quently occurs, is precisely equivalent to the English possessive case, 

(3) Kat tKUGTov, *' and each," i. e. " one by one," " one after 
the other.'* (See Rem. 3, Ex. 75.) 

(4) K£0aX?)v nopfjLoXvKeioVf "head of mask," ue. **a mask 
representing a head," *' a mask-head," " a mask." 

(5) TaTg xtptri, " in her or its paws." The article is here used 
as a possessive pronoun. (See Rem. 3, Ex. 59.) 



FIllST GREEK COURSE. 59 



81. 



Auptvvwixsvog^ r), ovf turning 

over, investigating. 
Vivofievogj t], ov, becoming. 
TavojuLevog, rj, ov^ become. 
reypafijxfvog, rj, ov, represented. 
TeTv^iofikvoQf 1], oVj conceited. 



KareffKivacrfiivOQ, yj^ ov, 
wrought, made up. 

OeaadjjLtvog^ ?/, ov, having in- 
spected. 

^varparevffdjxivog^rjj ov, having 
fought. 



Rem. — (1) The participles agree with the noun in number, 
gender, and case. 

(2) A participle with the article is equivalent to a relative with 
the verb. (See Eem. 2, Ex. 65.) 

A sword curiously wrought. Actor's properties cle- 
verly made up. Attica is not represented in the map of 
the world. Perdiccas investigating each of the weapons, 
found a good spear. The explorers having inspected 
the country, bring water to the army. The girl who 
becomes daily more amiable. The courage of the chiefs 
who had fought with Alexander. The prudence of the 
king who had become an ally to the Thebans. The vile 
misers who become day by day richer and more wretched. 
Socrates, seeing that the young men were conceited on 
account of their wealth, did not praise them. 



82. 
ADJECTIVES-SECOND DECLENSIOIST. 





$uda//J^ojv, 


happy. 


uATi^Tjg, true. 






Singular 








Maf5C. and Fem 


Neut. 


Masc. and Fem. 


Neut. 


Nom, 


ebda/fjb-Cfjv, 


-ov. 


aXyjO'Tjg, 


-k* 


Foe. 


svdaifL-ov^ 


'OV. 


aXrid-sg, 


'i^' 


Gen. 


zhbai[jj-ovog^ 


-ovog. 


dXrid'{sog) 


'Ovg. -iog^ovg. 


Dat. 


svdaffjj-ovi 


'OVI, 


CLkTi&'i^u)' 


S/, -f/-g/. 


Ace, 


ivdajfjb-ova, 


•ova. 


aXrid'(^eoc)- 


-yj, 'ig. 



60 ahn's method. 

Dtial. 
Masc. and Fern. Neut. Masc. and Fern. Neut 

G, D. evdai/jj'OVOiv, -ovoiv. aXy]&'\^ioiv)-o7v^ -io/v-oTv, 

Flural. 

N, V, svbai/j^-ovsgy -ova, dX7}d-{esg)-sTg^ -/a-^. 

Gen. svda/f/^'Ovuv^ -ovmv, aX.?j^-(€Wi/)-&)i', -ectjv-ojv, 

Ace. evdal/jij-ovag, -ova. dXyid'{eag)-BTg^ -ea-yj. 

Bem. — (1) Adjectives of this declension have two terminations 
only,- one for the mase. and fern., and another for the neuter y both 
of which are declined like nouns of the third declension. 

(2) It will be observed that some forms of the second model are 
contracted ; this occurs, as in nouns of the third declension, when 
the termination oe of the gen. is preceded by a vowel. (See Ap- 
pendix.) 

(3) The following are the terminations of the second declen- 
sion : — 



Masc. and Fem. 


Nejit. 


Gen. 


Voc. 


-WJ/, 


'Ov; 


-ovog. 


-ov. 


-nQy 


'iQ'j 


-^OQ, 


-fC- 


'TJV, 


-sv; 


-evog, 


-€!/. 


-tc, 


-*; 


'iTog, 


-t. 


'VQy 


'v; 


-VTOQy 


-v. 



(4) Comparatives in wr, which belong to this declension, have 
some of their cases contracted thus :— 

fiti^iov^ '* greater •," neut. [xel^ov. 

Flural. 



Masc.'and Fem. Neut. Masc. and Fem. Nent. 

N. fxei^-ajv, -ov. ijiei^-oviQ-(p€Q)'OVQ, -ova-{on)-iO, 

G. Iiui-OVOQ, 'OVOQ. IXSl'C'OVMV, -OVbJV. 

J). fiti^'Oviy 'OVL. /i€t^-0(7t, -oai. 

A. iJLdZ-ova'{oa)-Wy -ov. fiait'OVag'{oaQyovQ, -ova,(o«),<*>. 

Dual. 



Masc. and Fem. 


Neut. 


N. A. fiti'C ovE, 


'0V6. 


G. D. fifL^-ovoiv. 


"Ovoiv. 



FIEST GKEJEK COtTUSE, 



61 



83. 



^"x^, vg {ri)i tbe soul, mind. 

rAw(T(TaXyia, ag (y), an indis- 
cretion. 

^avracria, ag (rj), fancy, imagi- 
nation. 

UsKTKTTparrjQ^ Cv (o), Pisistratus. 

TvpavvoQ, ov (6), an absolute 
king, a tyrant. 

UaiSayctjyog^f ov (6), a tutor, a 
pedagogue. 

Fewpyot;, ov (o), a peasant. 

yilrog ev (6), grain. 

Xpovog^ ov (6), time. 

"ApoTpov, ov (6), a plough. 

^i^a(T/caXfTov, ov {to), a school. 

OEfii<TToic\7]g^ eovg (6), Themis- 
tocles. 

Kvwv, Kvvog (o)j a dog. 

^u>fiay arog (roj, the body. 

'AX6yi(Troc, ov, senseless, insig- 
nificant, little. 

MsyoXd^pwv, or, magnanimous. 

rXuKrTwv, ov, sweeter, more de- 
licious. 

MsyaXo7rp£7r?7f, hg^ magnificent, 
great. 

*0 Xifi^TYig KayJoov, Tw 



Uavreg {masc, plu. of irag)^ all. 

"Qv, being. 

lipogdyovroQ^gen.of Trpogdyiov)^ 
advancing, passing. 

Tipo4;i6vTOQ (gen. of 7rpogi(i)v)y 
approaching. 

AvTTj {fern, of ovTog), this. 

AvT(^ (dat. of avroQ)^ for him. 

Ti («ewf. of rig), something. 

'ETTcivyti, he, she, o?' it was re- 
turning. 

''EvecpaivsTO, he, she, or it was 
displayed, shone. 

'ATTf/cpivaro, he, she, or it re- 
plied. 

*Etcxi»>prj(rai, to have made place, 
to have moved. 

JIdvv, very. 

'E\ev9epiojgj boldly. 

EZra, then, at that time. 

OvTiog apa^ in this way. 

'Efc (t^ before a vowel), from. 

Kara, in, on, as to. 

As Kaiy however, 

"Ert, yet, still. 

Pap, because, is it that ? 

X^jcra xaxtovs, 0/ xa^TTo! 



/ca/ <TtTO}yo] xal h\)6r\)yfic, s/V/v. 'O a'^y\^ p.i'yako^^i'Ttrig 
fih ruj (Soj/Jbari, xara ds -^v^riv dX6yt(rrog, 'H pavratf/a 
Tov dvd^hc iJ.syccXo'irps^ovg imv toj (jdo/xari^ xard h\ '^\)yj\v 
dXoyicro'o, A) ykoxsciakYicn t-wv av^^wi/ (MyaXo'ir^iircfjy 

*7rori Ix htha6%a'kiio'j itaifg sri ojv (di[JA6T07O\.rig, ^Jra 
^^ogtovTog Hnai^rpcLTOv^ 6 itaihayuijlg 'i(p7] tuj ^spuK^roxXsT 
fUTtph l%y^U}pYi6ai rvig odov^ ir^oga^yovro? rov rv^dnov. *0 
Bs %at <7rdv\) sAsvhpfcog d'Trsx^ivaro : '' Autt} ydg^ sJ'Tnv^ 
avruj ohy^ ixavri bhog ;" ODrwg a^a suyivsg rt kui fisyd' 

Eem. — (1) Oi KaoTToi yXvKiovgj *' the sweeter fruits." Some 



62 



AHN S METHOD. 



adjectives have comparatives in iiov as well as in repog ; thus 
" sweeter" may either be rendered by yXvKiMv or yXvKvrepog, 

(2) *Ek didaaKaXtioVf " from school/* The preposition sk go- 
verns a genitive case. 

(3) Elra TrpogiovroQ TleiUKTrparov^ "Pisistratus happening 
to pass at the thne.^' Words used to extend the signification of 
other words (adverbs) are often placed like dra at the head of 
the sentence. 

(4) *0 irai^ayiayoQ l<pr] ri^ OefjuaroKXeT BKxd^prjcrai rrjg odov^ 
" The pedagogue told Themistocles to have moved out of the way, 
t. e. " to move out of the way.'* A past form of the infinitive 
mood is sometimes used, as in the text, after another verb. 

(5) '0 ^£ irdvv kXevOepiiog dTrsKpivaro. "but he very )boldly 
replied." The article used as a pronoun. (See Eem. 3, &. 73.) 

(6) AvTTj yap avT(f 01)% iKavi] bd6g\ " Why, is there not space 
enough for him already ?" 

(7) Evyivkg Ti, " something noble." The particles ti'c, tl in 
affirmative sentences are always placed after the word to which 
they refer. (See Rem. 5, Ex. 68.) 

(8) Kat li sKuvoVf " and from that," u e, ** and from that 
time on." The word xP<^^o^» understood. 



84. 



'^TritTTrificov, oVf skilful. 

^AfivjjLijjVy ov, blameless, inno- 
cent. 

"EvyviofKov, ovy reasonable, can- 
did. 

^Airpdyfiajv^ ov, disengaged, free 
from care. 

2a)0|owi/, oVf rational, of sound 
Blind. 

'ArepnujVj Ov, boundless, infinite. 

MvrifjLO)V, ov, mindfal. 

AvT6xd(ov, ov, indigenous. 

TLsTTojv, ov, sun-dried, mellow, 
ripe. 

UXeiujv, ov, more, greater. 

MeiiJt)v, oVf less, lesser. 

^Ex9iix)v, ov, more unfriendly. 

MeyaXoTTpdy^iov, ov, prone to 
undertake great things, en- 
terprising. 

KaKodaijjLojv, ov, unfortunate, 
unhappy. 



'Aj3Xa/3}7c, f c» unhurt. 

'ETTLiJLeXrjg, eg, vigilant. 

'AKpTjSrjg, eg, exact, strict, ac- 
curate. 

KivSvvojSijg^ eg, dangerous. 

*A<pavr)g, eg, obscure, ignoble. 

'AixdOrjg, eg, untaught, ignorant, 
rude. 

'ETTaxOr/c eg, odious. 

'Anrjvrjg, eg, cruel, savage. 

Aa\pLXr}g, eg, expensive, profuse, 
sumptuous. 

'ETTieucrjg, eg, reasonable, right, 
fair. 

l^ioXefirig, eg, energetic, assidu- 
ous. 

BvriO^g, eg, frank, ingenuous, 
open. 

^iXoTTarpig, i, patriotic. 

Tig, Tl (enclitic), a certain, some, 
any. 

Evxapic, h g^ad, joyful, happy. 



FIKST GEEEK COIJiiSE. 63 

A certain hard working peasant. A certain vile 
animal. Some intelligent foreigners. A patriotic mother. 
Glad minds. Joyful truths. Happy countenances. Men 
prone to undertake great things. Poets of sound mind. 
Women free from care. Flatterers sumptuous in praise. 
Kings boundless in power. Legislators accurate in fore- 
sight. Soldiers odious to Alexander. Lands that are no 
part of Attica. Flowers indigenous to Sicily. Argives 
skilful in deceit. More prudence than courage. Less 
wine than water. The Macedonians are more unfriendly to 
the Greeks. The beauty of innocent children. The vi- 
gilant dog of the ignorant hunters. The ripe grains of 
Thrace. The reasonable judgments of a just judge. The 
cruel deeds of an ignoble tyrant. The w^orth of mindful 
friends, I am unhappy. Art thou blameless ? What 
thing is most dangerous ? — ^Fancy. 



85. 
ADJECTIVES— THIEP DECLEKSION. 





dpifjL-j^, sharp. 






Si7igiilar. 




Masc. 


Fem. 


Neut. 


Nom. opi/j^-'jc, 


dpi/jj-sT(X^ 


bpiiJj-'j, 


Voc, ho I (J,- 6, 


dpifji^-iTa, 


OPl/Jj-V, 


Gen, d fit a- so g, 


dpifJb'Siag, 


dpifjb-£og. 


Bat, bpi(jj'ei-u^ 


dpi/M-sta^ 


hpiiJj'U-iT, 


Ace, dpt^'VV, 


dpi/jj-sTav^ 
Dual 


dpifju-'j. 


N.A, dpifM'h, 


hpiiJj'iia^ 


dpi/J^'ES. 


D.G, hpiiM-ioiVy 


dpifj^-iiaiVj 


hpi[jj £0/1/. 

F 2 



64 



AHJf S METHOD. 







FluraL 




N.F. 


d^ifj^-isg-sTg, 


d^ifjb'sTa/^ 


hpifi'ia. 


Gen. 


d^lfl'SMV, 


d^ifjj-siMv^ 


bpifjj'sm. 


Bat, 


b^ifjj'S^i^ 


b^i[jj'iiaig, 


d^ifjb'Sdt, 


Ace, 


d^i/jj-sag-iTgj 


hpi^'sTag^ 


hpfjj'ia. 



Rem. — (1) Adjectives of this declension have three terminations, 
the masculine and neuter declined like nouns of the third, and the 
feminines like nouns of the first declension. 

(2) The following terminations belong to this declension : — 



Mas. 


Nominatk 
Fern. 


Neut 


Mas. 


Genitive, 
Fem. Neut. 


Vocative, 
Mas. 


-ag, 


aiva^ 


av. 


-avogy 


aivrjg. 


avog. 


-av. 


-rjv, 


€Lva, 


sv. 


•evog. 


eivrig, 


ivog. 


'SV, 


'ieiCy 


Uuffa^ 


isv. 


'UvTog, 


dfftTrjgf 


lEVTOg, 


'SV, 


'Sets, 
'ovg, 


6f(T<Tay 
oixjca, 


osv. f 
ovv,S 


'CvvTog, 


ov(J(Tr)g 


ovvTog 


'OV, 


'Tjeigt 




ij£v, I 
rjv, 5 


'ijvrog, 


'hcTGrig, 


rjvTog, 




'VQ, 


eta. 


V. 


-eog, 


Hag, 


eog. 




-wr, 


ovffa^ 


cv. 


'Ovrog, 


ovffijg, 


ovTog. 




-«c, 


affa^ 


av, 


-avrog. 


dcrrjg, 


avTog, 




-fig, 


tlfftti 


iv. 


'SVTog, 


iiarigy 


kvTog, 




Amongst these terminations are included the participles in mv, agy 
and Hgj which are declined thus :— 








hijjv, willing. 








Singular, 






Plural 






Mas. 


Fern; 


Neut. 


Mas. 


Fem. 


Neut. 


N,V. 


kK-(OVy 


-ovcta. 


-6v. 


"OVTsg, 


-oveaiy 


'Ovra. 


Gen, 


£K-6vTog, 


'Ouarjg, 


-QVTOg. 


'OVTiOV, 


'OVdMVy 


"Ol^TWV, 


Dat. 


ilC OVTlj 


'Ovag, 


-OVTL. 


'OVGl, 


'Ovuaigy 


-ovai. 


Ace, 


aK-OVTUy 


'Ovaav, 


'6v, 
Dual. 


'OVTaQj 


-avaag, 


'OPTa, 






Mas. 


Fern. 


Neut. 






N,A 


iK-6vTEy 


-OiKTOf, 


-OPTE, 






G,D, 


U'OVTOiVy 'Ovaaiv, 


'OVTOIV, 





In the same way are declined the contracted forms cppovan' 
((ppopiiov)f -ovaa, ovv, gen, cppovovvTog -ovGrig -ovvrog^ 'Hbink- 
ing :" — *oc>u)v (opdiov) -Gtaa -uv\ gen, CJVTog -warjg -CjvroCf 
'seeing'." (See Appendix.) 



FIRST GKEEK COURSE. 



65 



Singular. 
Mas. Fern. 

N.V, irgoQTd^-aQy -drra, 

Gen. TTpogrd^-avTOQj -dcjrjgy 
Dat, TTpogrd^-avTij -day, 
Ace, 'rrpcgTa^-avra, -daav^ 



TrpogrdXa^i having commanded. 

FluraL 
Neiit. Mas. Fera. Neat, 

-av. -avrtQy -acrai^ -avra. 

-avroq. -dvTU)Vj -acratv, -dvrtJV, 
•avTi, 'd(ny -daaigy -d(n, 
-av, -avraQj -aaag^ -avra. 

Dual. 

Mas. Fera. "- Neut. 

N.A» Troogrd^-avTe^ -d'Ja, 'avrs. 

G.D. TTpOQTa^-dvroiVy -daaiVy 'd.VTOiv. 

In the same way is declined the adjective Trac, Traaa, Tcdvj gen, 
r^avTQQy Trdorjg, TcavTog^ " all," '' every." (See Appendix.) 

TV(pQtigj having been struck. 





Singular. 




Flural. 






Mas. 


Fem. 


Neut. 


Mas. 


Fem. 


Neut. 


jv.r. 


rv(pd-dg^ 


'SLffa, 


'8V. 


'kvTEg, 


-tl(Tat, 


'kvTa. 


Gen. 


TV(pd-kvTogr, 


-eiarjg, 


'SVTog, 


-kvTUiV, 


'eKTijJV, 


-evTiov, 


Lat. 


TV(f>9-tVTlf 


'day, 


'SVTL, 


sTcrtf 


-ehaigj 


-elfft. 


Ace. 


TV^B-evTa, 


'iiaavj 


-kv. 
Dual. 


'ivragf 


-eiaag, 


'kvTU, 




Mas. 


Fem 




Neut. 






j^.A. TV(pe- 


•svrey 


-sicra 


; 


'tvre. 






G.D. TV(pe- 


'SVTOlVf 


'EKJatVj 


'ivTOtV. 





Rem.— (3) The following classes of adjectives have the same 
termination for all three genders. 

The adjectives juaicap *' blessed," fiaKpoxeip "single-handed," 
and all others compounded with a substantive, except com- 
pounds of TTovg and TroXig. 
Those derived from TraTrjp and firjTrjp that end in cop, as aTrdriop 

" fatherless,*' dp,i)Tiop '* motherless." 
Those in rjg-riTog and ujg-ioTog, as ddp,riQ ** untamed," dyvwg 
''unknown," except nivric "poor," Gr]g "servile," and Kprjg 
" Cretan." 
Those in ^ and \p, as epijSujXa^ " very fertile," ao;(/" blind." 
Those in ag-adog, ig-iog, tg-idog, as (pvydg " fugitive," ttoXv- 

/Li»yrtc *'very sagacious," feXi/cwTrie "sparkling-eyed." 
The foregoing classes of adjectives are rarely used with neuter 
nouns, and are all declined like nouns of the thii'd declension 
having similar terminations. (See Appendix.) 

F 3 



66 



AUN S METHOD, 



86. 



Tvio/xTj, rjg (r)), a thought, a re- 
flection. 

27rapriar?7g, ov (6), a Spartan. 

Boiwroc, ov (o), a Boeotian. 

AaKedaif^oviog, ov (6), a Lace- 
demonian. 

*Ay?/(TiXao^, ov (6), Agesilaus. 

Ni;^, ri/fcro^ (?}), night. 

Kdvtg, to^ or 6WC (r)), dust, earth. 

OepciTTiov, {aTTL'Jv) cvTOQ (6), a 
servant, an attendant. 

"Kiraq, airaaa, uTrav^ all with- 
out exception. 

"Exwv, oi;(7a, ovy having, possess- 
ing, obtaining. 

'ld(i)v, ovffa, ovj having beheld. 

JJpdKag, d(Ta, ar, having ac- 
complished, 

'KeXevaaQj daa, av^ having com- 
manded. 



^EwafjirirrdfieveQ, rj, ov, having 

gathered. 
UapaTa^di^isvog^ r), cv, having 

given battle. 
Keifievogj r)y0v, laid, scattered 

about. 
AvTwv, {contr. of favrojv), of 

themselves, their own. 
'EjLfcOi; (gen. of eyii))j of me. 
Oi;^, whom. 
Ai67refji\pe, he, she, or it sent 

away, out, 
AisXv<Tty he, she, or it had closed. 
AvvaivrOj they might. 
'EygVovro, they were, they be- 
came. 
'Ai/f^wp'/jtrai/, they returned, 
rrwpicrai, to have recognised. 
'A-TTOKpif-ipaiy to have hidden, to 

have covered up. 
IljOo, before. 
'Qg^ as if, so that. 



Tevofievog^ ?;, ov, having broke, 
having arrived. 

' Ayrj(riXdo'j 'ttots firphg rovg Boioorovg ira^ara^a.u.svov^ 
&L[jj(f)illo'7:og ^v r\ vixri' vt)^ yap d/sXv(rs rriv ft-o^xn^' o hs (jjSdrig 
vjKTog Tovg irKSrordro'jg biWifL'^s xsXsvffag ovg d'ovo/ivro 
yvcfj^/cfat S'TTa^r/ara^ vsx^ovg, \'7:a[jj7](SaiJjivo\}g %6viv airo- 
Tt^b-^ar Tcai oi fMsv rovro ^pd^avrsg ^^h rj/ns^ag dn^j^' 
^Tj^rav. O/ h\ iro'Ks[jjiot^ ^/m^spag ysvofj/svrig^ rovg avrojv 
viK^ovgj idovTsg a^avrag Tcsi/j^svovg^ rovg ds roov ^Tra^riccrajv 
oXiyovg, d^vfiot Ttai duXors^oi rcug yv^iuoLig sysvovroy oog 
AaTtidai/ULOViOJV rriv vizriv lyovroiv, 

EeM. (1) '0 II TOvg TTKTTOTdTOVg SlSTTS^i'Sf " but he SBUt his 

most faithful attendants" Such words as Oepdirojv, " attendant;" 
fia9rirrigy "disciple;" are generally understood. (See Kem. 1, 
Ex. 75.) 

(2) KtXsvffag^ " having commanded them*' The pronoun avroTg 
understood. (Sec Eem. 5, Ex. 70.) 

(3) Ovg SvvaivTO yViopia-at, " ^Aose whom they might recognise." 
The antecedent of the relative is not always expressed. 

(4) ^TTapridrag vtxpovg aTroKpvi\jaij " to have hidden the dead 
Spartans,'' i. e. *' to hide the dead Spartans.'^ A past infiuitiye 
after another verb. (See Rem. 4. Ex. 83.) 



FIES'I GilEEK COOitSE. 



67 



(5) Kal ol fiev tovto TTpd^avreg, ** and having accomplished 
til is, thet/." The article employed as a pronoun. (See Rem. 5, 
Ex. 83.) 

(6) Ot TTcXIjuiot, "the liostile men," i.e. *' the enemy." The 
word dvdpEg understood. 



87. 



IIp€(T/3fe, eta, Vj old, ancient. 

'Qkvq, eia, v, active, light, nim- 
ble. 

UXarvgj €ia, i;,wide, ample, flat. 

Bapvt;, £ia, v, irksome, trouble- 
some. 

BpaxvQy cTa, u, short, brief. 

Tipaxvg, eta, v, rough, rugged, 
rocky. 

"EavOvq, iia V, right, direct, 
straight. 

Opaavgy tia, v, audacious. 

Aiyvg, tia Vj harmonious. 

'Hfiiavg, SLa, v, half. 

Uag, Trdcra, irav, each, all, every. 

TspTjv, TspSLva, rspev, tender. 

TdXrtc, aivuy av, wretched. 

TifiTjiLgf rjeacra^ iitv, esteemed, 
respected, praiseworthy. 

AlyXTjeig, ritaaa, rjeVf bright, 
brilliant. 



^Ofji<pa\6eig, sfffja, ev, embossed. 
JlTfpoeLg, ecraa, ev, winged* 
'Ave/jLoeig, encra, ev, windy, 

stormy, [stained. 

Alfxaroecg, eaaa, iv, gory, blood- 
^loLKap, apog, happy, blessed. 
'EptjSwAa^, a/cog, productive. 
no\i;ai^,lKo^,impetuous, violent. 
"ApTra^j dyogj rapacious. 
Olvoxp, oTTog, wine-coloured, 

dark. 
"Ao;|/, doTTogy blind. 
'EXiKw^, wTTog, dark-eyed, 
^vydg, dSoQ {ddog), fugitive. 
HoXvdsLpdgyddog (d^o^), peaked, 

ridged. 
UoXvfirjrLQ, log, very sagacious, 

wily. 
Evici^rjuig^ iSog-, well-armed. 
'EXiKuJTTLg, Xdog, sparkling-eyed. 
'Ad^rjg, ijrogy untamed. 



The direct road to Attica. Troublesome animals. 
Blind men. The brief season of youth. The nimble 
dogs of the hunter. The terror of the untamed horses. 
Every dark-eyed child of Asia. The sweet and harmo- 
nious voices of the birds. The beautiful and brilliant 
colours of the flowers. The peaked and stormy regions 
of India, The wily enterprizes of a skilful general. The 
graceful and sparkling-eyed women of Egypt. All the 
terrible and irksome calamities of poverty. Every tender 
fruit of Thrace. All the productive fields of the pea- 
sants. Every rugged rock of Boeotia. The violent and 
rapacious tyrants of Syracuse. The merits of the 



68 



AHN S METHOD. 



embossed figures in Attica. The excellence of the winged 
statues in Assyria. Broad and ample are the estates of 
Alcibiades. Audacious and daring are the brigands of 
Sicily. Fugitive are the fancies of age. Are the sol- 
diers of Agesilaus well armed ? 



88. 



'ETTtj/ota, ag (^), a trick, a ruse. 
llaTTaXogy ou (d), a hook, a 

Qvf ovcra^ oVy being. 

KanwV, ovffa, ov, coming down, 
coming out. 

^v\XafiBdv(i)Vy ovffaf ov, taking 
with, or together, catching. 

Vvovgy ovaoj 6v, having known. 

*Opu>v, wcraj wv, seeing. 

Awdfievogj rj^ ov, being able. 

'AvaXiaKOfxtvog, rj, ov, diminish- 
ing.^ 

lLo(pLZ,6jXEVog, rj, ov, deceiving. 

'Avapdg, aaa, aV, having as- 
cended. 

UapaKV^pag, aaa, av, having 
looked out slyly. 

*H)ttac (nom. plu. of £ya»), we. 

Xci (enclitic), to thee, to you. 

AvTGv (ace, of avTog), him, it. 

AvToJv {gen. plu. of avTog), of 
them. 

AvTovg {ace, plu. of avrog) , them. 

*Eav70i/ {ace. of lavroi)), him- 
self, itself, 

^YjavTovg {ace. plu. of iavrov)^ 
themselves. 

*A\\fj\Gifg {ace, of aWt'iXcov), 
each other, one another, 

iloXXiJJv {gen» plu. of 7roXuc,')> ^ 
number. 

Tiv7j, thou wert, you were. 



llgogeXtvaonai^ I will go near, 
I would go near. 

""IHkb {v\ he, she, or it came. 

KarriaQu (j/), he, she, or it de- 
voured. 

JlpogfirouiTOy he, she, or it pre- 
tended, feigned. 

"Eyj^w, he, she, or it resolved. 

'ATryiJprjffSf he, she, or it hung, 
suspended. 

KariXOwfiev, we must go. 

'A7roX(J/x£0«, we may be exter- 
minated. 

'2(x)9i](T6iie9a, we shall be safe, 
or in safety. 

"E^acrav, they said. 

'^^iKvfla9aiy to reach. 

'EKKuXkaaaOaiy to have enticed. 

MrjKBTi, no more, any more. 

Karw, down, out. 

Uavrdirdai {v)j utterly, en- 
tirely. 

Aevpo, here. 

Arj^ accordingly. 

'Atto, from, upon. 

Aid {^i before a vowel), by. 

"Iva (particle governing subj.jy 
so that. 

Kdv (for Kai ai/), even though. 

"Q QVTogy ho, you there 

"QcTTfp, like, as. 

"OTTwg, so that. 

l^dvj (for d dv)f if» 



'Ev o/'/tia nvf ^oXAcuv (j/jojv Ivroiv^ a'iXovpog rovro yvoug 



nitST GREEK COUESE. 69 

7taT?}(!$isv, Oi 02, xa^' B7cd(^Tyjv savrovg dvaXiffKO/ULSvovg 
IpojvTsg^ sfaffav 'T^bg dXXrjXovg, " Mr}xsri xdrM ^arsX- 
Soofjisvj ha fMri iravrdira^iv d'roXujfxs&a^ rov yd^ aiXovpov 
fj^r, d'jvafjbsvo'j div^o h^ixviT^^ai, riiLiig (S(f)&ri66fL{^a»^ 'O 
bs aiXo'j^og^ fji^rjxsrt tojv /i/j'jmv xariovroov^ syvo) d/ s'Trtvo/ag 
ahroijg 6o(pi'Cp[Mivog lKxaXs(fa(rSat, Kai dri d^rro itarrdXoM 
rmg savrov dvajSdg d^7jU)^ri(^s, %ai 'Tr^ogziroizko vsx^hg 
iJvai, Tu)v bs /JI.VOJV rig 'jra^a'/Jo-^oLg^ %ai Jdoijv avrov^ ?p?j* 
"~n ovTog, xav OvXa^ 7^V55, ou ^^ogsXsvc:o/j^at cfoi." 

Hem. — (1) UoWtSJv fivCJVj "a number of mice." When a 
participle in the first clause of a sentence expresses the cause of the 
act involved in the second, the Genitive Absolute is usually employed, 
as in the text, but not always. (See Rem. 5, Ex. 73.) 

(2) Ot te Ka9 eKCLffTrjv eavrovg ava\i(7icofxevovg opwvT^Qf ^* but 
they seeing themselves diminishing dayhydayT The noun rjiiepav 
understood. (See Rem. 3, Ex. 80.) 

(3) "Eyvu) di &7nvoiaQ avrovg sKKaXsaacrOaif "he resolved to 
entice them by a trick." The preposition did used in the sense of 
*' by " governs a genitive case. 

(4) 'Eirivoiay " a thought, the result of serious deliberation," -^ a 
stratagem.*' 

(5) llapaicvxpas, "looking by leaning the head sideways." 



89. 



"Kofii^ioVf ovaa, ov, carrying, 
oringing. 

*AvTsx(j^v. ovaa, ov^ resisting. 

AAaXa^wv, ovaa^ or, uttering 
joyful shouts, 

4>pova7i/, oD(7a, ovv, thinking, 
thinking one's self. 

Jltwv, ovaa^ oUy having drank. 

BaXcjv. ovffa^ 6v, having ga- 
thered, collected. 



EvpiJvy ov<Taf 6v, having found. 

EtTTWJ', oi)(7a, 6Vf having said. 

'EXOwvj ovauy 6v^ having en- 
tered. 

Afi^ag, affa, av^ having shown, 
having pointed out. 

XpEiisTicjaQ, d(Ja, av^ neighed. 

Elqax^tiQi aiaay ivy led in. 

^avtig^ tiaa, sv, glittered. 

Vpa^Htg, 6i(Ta, «', painted. 



Men bravely resisting evil. Women carrying fruit 
to Attica. Soldiers uttering shouts of joy. Tyrants 
thinking themselves great on account of their clemency. 
The servants having gathered the water bring it to the 
army. A number of mice having entered an actor's house, 
a cat went there. The Boeotians having said, We shall be 



70 



AHN S METHOD. 



safe, Agesilaus resolved to entice them by a stratagem. The 
water having gUttered, the leader of the Macedonians 
overturned the helmet. The peasants having drank the 
wine, became troublesome to Mericus. The generals 
having found weapons, returned to the council. The 
wild beasts having been led in, Perdiccas seized a panther. 
The Lacedemonians having pointed out the dead bodies, 
the enemies became discouraged. The horses having 
neighed, Alexander praised the pictures painted by 
Apelles. 

90. 



ADJECTIVES. 


-.lEHEGULAR DECLENSIONS. 




ahrog^ 


avrr}, aurS, the 
Singular. 


same. 




Masc. 


Fern. 




Neiit. 


Nom. 


a'urog^ 


avrrj, 




auro. 


Gen. 


avToVj 


ahrrig^ 




avTov. 


Dat. 


ccurcU, 


avrf}^ 




avTuj. 


Ace* 


avrov^ 


aVTTjV, 

Tlural 




ahro. 


Nom. 


avToij 


aura/, 




ahrd. 


Gen. 


axjTojv^ 


aur&Jv, 




avrojv. 


Dat. 


avroTg^ 


avraTg, 




avToTg. 


Ace. 


avTovgj 


abrdg^ 
Dual. 




(Kvrd, 


N.A. 


avroj, 


aura, 




aurou. 


G.I). 


auroTvj 


avraTv. 




avToTv. 



Hem. — (1) A i; roc is an adjective of the first declension, but has 
the neuter in o. "When the noun is not expressed avToq is a pro- 
noun, the nominatives equivalent to he, she, it, they ; the accusa- 
tives to him, her^ it^ them. (See Rem. 2, Ex. 86.) The genitive 
cases of avroq are likewise equivalent to the possessive pronouns Ms, 
her, its, their. (See Ex. Q6.) 

(2) Like aijTOQ are declined kKiivog, Udvri^ Ikhpo, <' that ;" 
and dWog, dXXi], dXXo, *' other," " another." 



FIRST GREEK COURSE. 



71 





ouroc^ 


avrrij rovro, this. 






Singular. 




Masc. 
Nom. ouTogj 


Fem. 


Neut. 
rovro. 


Gen. 


TOVTOVy 


ravrrigj 


Tovrov, 


Dat. 

Ace. 


TO'JTOV^ 


Flural. 


Tovruj. 
Tovro. 


Nom. 


OVTOlj 


auT-a/, 


ravra. 


Gen. 


rovroov, 


rovrojv. 


rovrojv. 


Dat. 


Tovroig^ 


ravraig. 


Tovro/g. 


Ace. 


rovrovg, 


ravrag, 
Dual 


ravra. 


N.A. 


rovTOjj 


ravrdj 


rovroj. 


G.D. 


TovroTv, 


TocvraiVj 


rovToiv. 



Eem. — (3) OvTog is likewise an adjective of tlie first declension, 
but has r prefixed to some of its cases. 

(4) Some adjectives compounded of ovtoq^ follow its declension ; 
but reject the r in all the cases, as togovtoq^ TotTavrrjj roaovro, 
*'so great;" Toiovrog, TOiavrtjy toiovto, "such." 





'H'oXvg, ^oXXri 


5 iToXb^ muchy 
Singular. 


many. 


Nom. 
Gen. 
Dat. 
Ace. 


mXhg^ . 
itoXy^oZy 
iroXXt^y 

'TToXliVj 


'ttoXXtj, 

'TToXXrig, 
vroXXf}^ 
^oXXtjv^ 

TMral. 


'TTOXV. 

'TTOXXOV. 

<7roXX(Z, 
^oXv. 


Nom. 
Gen. 
Dat. 
Ace. 


ItOXXOly 

'TTOXXUV, 

^oXXo7gj 
'TCoXXoijg^ 


'TtoXXaij 
^o>Xmy 
*7roXXcug^ 
'TToXXdgy 


*7toXXd. 

ToXXoJv. 
^oXXoTg 
mXXci, 



72 



AHN S METHOD. 






Dual 




Masc. 


Fem. 


Neut. 


N. A. iToXku)^ 


ToXXa, 


mWoJ. 


6r, Z). 'TToXXoTv, 


'TToXXa/i', 


'TToKKoTv. 


fj^syag, fjbsydXyjj yJkya,^ great, 


large. 




Singtdar. 




Nom, fJ^syag^ 


ILiyaXn^ 


yAya. 


Gen, [jjsyakou^ 


[jjsyakrih 


lHyOLkOM, 


Dat, [jjsyaXu), 


[MsydXri, 


[jjsyak(x). 


Ace. ILeyoLv^ 


[liydy^riVy 
Flural, 


Ihkya, 


Norn, (jj^y-akotj 


-aXa/ 


"Oka, 


Gen, (j^sy-dXoiv^ 


-aXwv, 


-aXwv. 


Dat, ihiy-aXfjic^^ 


-aXa/g, 


-aXo/^. 


Ace, fisy-dXoug^ 


Dual 


-aXa. 


N.A, iiiiy-akoi^ 


-aXa, 


'dXco, 


G,D, (Miy-dXoiv^ 


-dXaiVy 


-aAoiv, 



91. 



Aifivij, rjg (?;), a lake, a pond. 
^irdpray rjg {rj)^ Sparta. 
'Aff^a'Xfta, Of (>7), security. 
Bpaffidag, ov (6), Brasidas. 
noXtri;^ (iTrjg)y ov (6), a citizen. 
Jlspffrjg, ov (6), a Persian. 
Mrjdog, ov (6), a Mede. 
Bdrpaxog, ov (6), a frog. 
Kaipog, ov (6), a circumstance. 
Btof, oi; (6), life. 
II/o6o\//if:, siog (f/), provision, care. 
'Ai^ayKatoc, ta, tov, necessary. 
TlapijjVj ovaa, 6v^ present. 



Akyovm {v)y they say. 

UpaTTovcn (*/), they do. 

'E7r€/3ovXeuo'€ (r), he or she con- 
spired. 

KarkXvffaVi they destroyed, van- 
quished. 

""Hera J/, were,they were,there were. 

Tc; v^rhy.f^ 

Ilfcpi, of, ahout. 

As, certainly. 

"Ewg, whilst, so long as. 

'Aft, always, ever. 

Mtra, together with. 



'H avrri /zrjry)^, 'O avrog ^acfiXsvg, To avrh 'ipyov, 
Ahr^ 7] /J^yjryip, 0/ 0y}[3aTo/ avroijg JlB^6ag xarsXvcfav. 
'H opyri TOiV avrojv Xiovrojv dsiv?} hrn, Ovroi o't Tta^o) 
yK\jXi(Sroi s/V/. TaZra rd Z^ujol xivduviLdrj Biciv. OSrot o/ 



FiKST aKEf:K coursf:. 73 

fdjTS^oi. 0/ dXXoi dixacfTGCi dixaioi. A/ dXkai yvvaTTisg 
^TM^aL "AXXoc fLsv Xeyov^iv^ dXXa ds 'Tr^drrovc^iv, 'A^/- 
^oc^og 6 'TpTtavog hsl3ovXsv(fs Aa^eicfj^ jLLsra ytai dXXm 
dvdpojv 0V7C d(pavcov. 'Ev d^a^i xai^oTg rov j3iov 7] <pp6vYi(Sig^ 
dpiTT) \6Tiy dvaynaiOTdrri* B^oLdtbag rjv (Mv dvY\^ dyafog, 
'H'oXXoI ds ^oXTtooi Ixelvov z^sirrovsg h rp ^Ttdprri rj(rav. 
JloXXd fjjiv sffTi Tov dv/t/jov dsivd^ iroXXd b\ xai ysXoTix, 'H 
TMV (ppovi/j^Mv (Sofia TTjg Toov d(p^6vcfjv ^poo-^s^g s^ti /JjU^mv, 
sxsmi jdq^ [i>h dsi 6o(pot ovroi ds, sojg h d<S(paXsia g/V/v. 
'O ^ AyriGiXaog 'tts^i toZ [jjsydXov j3a6iXscA)g sXsys' r'l yap 
s/jLo\j fjLsit^c^v sxsTvog 6 /3a(r/?.gi)c, =/ fi7i dixaiorsoog ; *0 tojv 
XTjc^rajv 7]ys/x(^v 'jroXXd rs %ai %a%d sXsysv, 

Eem.~(1) Avtyi rj fJLTfTrjp, "the mother herself." Airo^ placed 
before the article is a pronoun usually equivalent to " himself,'' 
*' herself," *' itself," "themselves." 

(2) AvTovQ nepcrag, "those same Persians." Aotoq has likewise 
the signification of " that same," and is sometimes used without the 
article. (See Eera. 6, Ex. 73.) 

(3) "AWa ixkv Xsyovaiv, dXXa Se TrpciTrovaiv, *' other things 
doing, other things saying/' i.e. "they say one thing, and they do 
mother." (See Eem. 1, Ex. 78.) 

(4) ^Aplfia^ogsTrepovkevae Aapei(i), " Aribazus conspired against 
Darius." The.verb STrijSovXfuj used in the sense of "to conspire 
against j" takes a dative case. 

5) MsTo. dXXwv dvdpiJi^y " together with other men." The 
preposition fxerd when used to express ifo^^^A^r z^i/A takes a genitive 
case. (See Hem. 5, Ex. 75.) 

(6) 'EKflvov, " than that (person)," t. e. ** than he." The ad- 
jective Uetvog often has its noun understood. (See Eera. 3, Ex, 62.) 

(7) UoXXd l(7TL TOV Oufxov SsLvdf "anger produces many terribh' 
things." Ilpdyfiara understood, and the verb consequently in the 
singular. (See Eem. 2, Ex. 78.) 

(8) 'H T(ijv <ppovijjLo)v (TC(pLa, '* the sense of the prudent." Most 
adjectives may be employed with the article ub substantives. (See 
Eem. 6, Ex» 86.) 

(9) '0 ' AyrjalXaog Trepl rov ^eydXov ^aaiXkwQ eXtySj " AgesilauB 
said of the great king/' i. e. "the king of Persia." Ilspi when 
used to express "of," "about/' or ''relative to," takes a genitive ca&e. 

(10) lloXXd Ts KttKa, "many evil things." XIoXAj;^ is usually 
joined in this way by a copula to another adjective. 

O 



74 



AHN S METHOD. 



92. 

That land is moist. This region is dry. That wine 
is red. These things are luminous. Those apples are 
bitter. The cunning of that fox. The father of this boy 
is a general. The parents of these ragged children are 
poor. The same frog came out of the same pond. The 
same estates are represented in another map. The other 
portrait was painted by the same painter. Both the boys 
are the sons of the same father. Are these the same horses ? 
Much hard labour. Many broad and deep rivers. The 
eloquence of many orators is imprudent and dangerous. 
Many wars aie shameful, but many are necessary and 
commendable. The statue of Alexander was the work 
of a great man. Semiramis the Assyrian was a brave 
and great queen. Prudence in a general is a great merit. 
India is the region of great rivers. The lioness is a 
large and ferocious brute. Elephants are large and 
pow^erful animals. 

93. 

ADJECTIVES— THE NUMERALS. 

Cardimal. 



M arks used 
as figures. 

1, Elg a 

2, Auw /3' 

3, T^iTg / 

4, Ts66apig. ..... b' 

5, Ilsvrs i 

6, yi g 

7, 'E'Tra ^' 

8, 'Otctu) y}' 

9, 'Evvsa &' 

10, Asxa . . / 

11, "Ei/^sxa or bixa 

sv /a' 

12, Auibsza or bsTca 

bvoj //3' 



1st. 

2d. 

3d. 

4th. 

5th. 

6th. 

7th. 

8th. 

9th. 
10th. 
11th. 
12th. 
20th. 
30th. 



Ordinal. 

. UpojTog, 
Asvrs^og^ 
T^trog^ 
Tsra^rog^ 
Tls/jj7rrog, 
"Ezrog, 
"F>j3dofiog, 
"Oydoog, 
"Evvoirog, 
Asxaro;, 
*Bvdsxdrog, 
Ac>jdsKdrogj 
E/xooTog, 
T^iocTCotsrog^ 



a, ov, 

Yi, ov. 

Yj, OV. 

7}, OV,- 

^, OV. 

t}, OV. 

71, OV. 

?J, OV. 

?J, OV. 



FIKST GREEK COTTRSE. 



75 



Cardinal. ^^^^^^« ^^^^^ 

as figures. 

20, Er/,0C>l x' 

30, T^id'/tovra ... X' 

40, TsctTcc^axovra . . [jJ 

60, 'E^^%ovra .... §' 

80, 'Oy^o^i^covra . . ^ir' 

90, 'Evi^2v;^%ovto6 . . y 

100, 'E;caTOV ^' 

200, /\i(i%66ioi^ a/, a c' 

900, Evv2a%o(r/o/, a/, a t/ 

1000, XiXioi^ a/, a . . a 



Ordinal. 
40tll. Ti(i6a^OL%06' 

rog^ 7}, ov. 

60th. 'E^Tjjcofrrog, ?j, ov. 

80th. ^ Ojbo7ioiC6r6g,ri^ov, 

90th. 'Evv§v)j%o(rrog, ?j, ov. 

100th. * E%aT0(}r6g^ rj, ov. 

200th. Aiaxo(rio<f' 

Tog, r), ov. 

900th. 'Evvsa^oc/ofr- 

rog, 71, ov. 

1000th. XiXio(^r6g, 75, 



10,000, Mi^/o/, a/, a . . / I 10,000th. Mv^iocrogy >j, ov. 
Rem. — (1) The first four cardinal numbers are declined tlius : — 
61^, ^^one," dvo), ^^two." 



Masc. 


Fein. 


Neut. 


Masc, Fern., and Neut. 


N'om. elg. 


Ilia., 


%v. 


Svuj or dvo. 


Gen, fvoQj 


fxiag, 


evog 


dvolv. 


Dat. kvi, 


fii(^, 


hvi. 


dvolv. 


Ace. sva, 


fiiav, 


EV. 


dvoj or Svo^ 


rpelg, 


'' three." 




Tsacrapeg, ^^four.'* 


Masc. and Fern. 


Neut. 


Masc. and Fern. Neut. 


Nom. rpalg, 


rpia. 




rsdcrapeg, TSiicFapa. 


Gen. TpiCjv, 


rpiwr. 




Te(T(Tdp(iJV, Tsaadpojv 


Dat. Tpiai, 


rpiai. 




rscrdapcn, TSGcrapai, 


Ace. rpfig, 


rpia. 




rs(7(Tapagf Taaarapa. 



The genitive of Svio is sometimes written dvelv and Sv^tv, the 
dative dvai^ and some writers use the word as indeclinable. Te'c- 
(7a peg is likewise written with double r instead of double a. 

(2) The simple numbers from 5 to 10, and the decimals to 100, 
are indeclinable. The round numbers from 200 and all the ordinals 
are regularly declined like adjectives of the first declension. 

(3) The odd numbers may be written apart or together, or with 
the conjunction /cai, as Skxa TrkvTt, htKaTrkvTe, or ttevts /cat dkica, 
^' 15 ;" eLKoai Trtvre {ks), or TrkvTe kuI HKoai, "25." 

(4) The odd numbers of the ordinals are expressed in the samt> 
way, as TrkfiTrrog Kal SsKarog^ " 15th ;" but the smaller may be 
a cardinal, as rkaaapeg teat SiKarog, or recraapegKaidEKarog, 
"14th ;" elg Kal eiKoarog, fiia Kal eiKoarrj^ or eiK:o(7r6g Trpwro^, 
'< 21st." 



76 



AHN S METHOD. 



(5) From the numeral adverbs dig, rpt'ts TifrcrapciKiQ or rsrpaKic^ 
TTiVTCLKLq, " twicc," '* tlirice," &c. ; are formed the compounds 
^iQXi\ioi, " twice a thousand " or " two thousand ;" rpiQ^iXioiy 
" three thousand," and so on. 



94. 



Kfpaia, aq (t)), a tittle, an atom. 

'Ydpia, ag (t/), a water jar, a 
vase. 

Mareiag, ov (6), Matthias. 

'Adpiag, ov (6), the Adriatic sea. 

'^Urprjrrjg, ov (6), a liquid mea- 
sure containing about nine 
gallons, a firkin. 

Ma9r]TrjQ, ov (o), a disciple. 

'^ofjiog, ov (b), a law. 

"0;)^Xoc, oy (6), people, multitudCj 
crowd, number. " 

"AyysXog, ov (6), a messenger, 
an angel. 

KXrjpog, ov (6), a lot, chance. 

'A7ro(rro\ot:, of (6), an apostle. 

'lou^aioj^, ov (6), a Jew. 

Ka0a,oKr/i6c, ou (6), a cleansing, 
purification, atonement. 

Ovpavoc, ov (6), the sky, heaven. 

^Irjacvg. ov (6), Jesus. 

"Erog, eog (ro), a year. 

IloXt^:, eujg (r}), a city. 

Ta^^ot', €a>^ (ro), a wall. 

UrJxvQy ^jfQ (o), a cubit. 

"Oi/o/xa, aro^ (''o), a name. 

IlvevjjLaj arog {T6)y breath, the 
wind, a spirit. 

'lojra (indeclinable), ro, an iota, 
a jot. 

AiOlvog, rjf ov, stone, made of 
stone. 

TaTpdyiovog, ov (o, r})y four- 
square, quadrangular. 

TiavTsXrjg, eoQ (6, r/), fall. 

'£(T0iwi/, oua-a, oj/, eating. 

XvyKVTTTujv^ ovaa, ov, bowing 
together, bonding double. 



Xwpwi/, ovsuy ovv, holding, con- 
taining. 

^vvdpLivog, rji ov, being able, 
could. 

'ATTOKptQtigy eXffa, svy replied, 

^Yfiiv {dat. plu. of £yt*>), to you, 
unto you. 

'Yp,e'ig {2nd person plu. of eyw), 
you. 

'HjLtwj/ {ffen, pliL of gyoi), of us. 

ll6(7og^ r)f oVy How much .^ How 
many ? How great ^ 

Agyu), I say. 

"Ex^Tij you have. 

Ktlrai, he, she, or it liei?. 

"E7r£(7£, he, she, or it fell. 

'E/ugrp^crf, he, she, or it mea- 
sured. 

^vyicareiptjipiffOe, he, she, or it 
was numbered. 

JlapsXQy, he, she, or it should 
pass away. 

EtTToi/, tbey said. 

Eujaox^, they found. 

'EicuOapio'Or](TaVj they were 
cleansed. 

'Ek:7:£(tw(t<, they should full. 

revrjrat, it should be fulfilled. 

'Avascvxpaif . to have lifted up, 
to stand upright. 

'Ejcft, there. 

Uov ; where .^ 

Oy;^t ; were there not } is there 
not ? 

"Ewg dv, till, until. 

'Ava, in, in each, apiece, each 
severally. 

Et'c, to, towards, through. 



FlllST GKEEK COUiiSE. 77 

Karciy after the manner of. 1 'Afiijv, amen ! verily ! 

Tk (enclitic), then, and. \ Aia tovtoj therefore, for as 

IVbyTTw^, lest. much as. 

'Idov, behold ! I Mera, with. 

ytovra M?]bovg -/.arsXvtSocv. ^Hv oy(Xog rojv ovof/jdrMv 
biarov s'ixo^tv, O/ gC^/ovrsg ri^av ^ivranig'^iXioi avdpsg, 
'H 'TToXig TBT^dyojvog KsTrat, %at 6 ayyikog lyAr^Yi^z ro 
nr^og axjTYig^ Ixarhv rs(r(^a^dxovra TS(r(^dpo>JV 'Kri'yjhv, 'O 
TiXyj^og s^i Mar^iav sVscsv, xal 6vy%ari'^Yi(pi6Qr\ [jjSTd rcov 
svdsKa d'KOiSTokoiv, ^AfLTiv ydo Xsy^ v^jlTv^ g'wg av 'irapsXdT} 
6 oii^avog xai 7] yri^ Joora h r] [Jjiol Tts^aia ov [j^y\ 'jra^sXdr} 
d^o Tov VGfjbov, sojg av 'Trdvra ysvTjrai. 'I^ou, yvvyj rjv ^vsvfia 
i^ovi^a d(rhvsiag srrj dsxa %ai otctuj' %a} tjv (Svy%\J^ro\)(SoL^ 
%at ix,r\ dwa/ut^BVYj dvax'j-^oLi sJg rh 'jravrsXsg, ^HtTav l%g 
vd^Iai XiQivai s^, xsi/ubivai Ttard rov xa^a^i^fjbov rojv ^lovdccicfjv^ 
-^oij^oviSai dvd fxsr^yjrdg dvo i] r^sTg, ' A^ox^ihig ds 6 'ItjCouc, 
g/Vsr Ov-^i oi hsxa sxa9(z^i6^yi<rav ; o/ ds sv/sa 'ttou ; Asysi 
roTg /jja^yjraTg o 'irjcfovg* Il6(rovg d^rovg 'iy^n ; o) h\ UTroVy 
iifrd. 

Eem. — (1) 'Iwra \v r\ [lia Kapaia ov ^rj TrapsXOg, '^ one jot 
or one tittle shall in no wise pass away." The particles ou and fiif 
used together, strengthen the negation. (See Rem. 6, Ex. 73.) 

(2) Mrj dvvafisvr} avaicv-ipai eig to TravreXfQt ** not being able 
to have lifted (herself) up to the full (height)," " e. ^. " she could 
in no wise stand upright." The preposition elg governs an accusa- 
tive case, and usually implies motion of some kind, (See Ex. 65.) 

(3) Ol de kvvka wovy " but where are the nine ?" The verb dai 
understood. (See Eem. 3, Ex 78.) 

(4) Ot ^€ sIttov, " and the^t/ said." The article used as a pro- 
noun. (See Rem. 5, Ex. 86.) 

95. 

One year, one month, one day. The power of one 
man. The nineteen disgraceful wars of Aribazus the 
Hyrcanian. Thirty-two beautiful colours. One of the 
two mothers. The ten thousand Greeks. The sweet 
voices of a hundred birds. Eighteen very clever bovs. 

G 3 ' 



78 



AHiS^ S METHOD. 



Five hundred brave soldiers. Two of the three sisters. 
Twenty-two graceful hyacinths. There are three terrible 
lions in this cave. These twenty-nine roses are all very 
pretty. The fifteen generals painted by Apelles. Twenty- 
three just and sagacious legislators. These four men 
are foreigners, for they are black. These thirty-five 
apples are bitter, even if they are ripe. The six stone 
jars of the Jews. The twenty-seven peasants and the 
thirteen children of the same. The city and its twenty- 
eight admirable statues. There are a thousand frogs in 
this pond. The thirty vile tyrants of Attica. The seven 
ferocious brigands of Sicily. The twelve apostles. 
Twenty-six valuable and useful horses. If a Boeotian at 
any time killed twenty foxes, or any other animals of that 
sort; he did not think it a great deed. 



96. 



Kwjui;, rjg (rj), a village. 
^O^ta, ag (»/), evening, 
QpUj ag (??), an hour. 
Xpeia^ ag (rj), necessity, need. 
Xlpvfjiva^ ag (y)), the stern of a 

ship. 
"AyicDpa, ag (r/), an anchor. 
'Ojoyiria, ag (/)), a fathom. 
'NavTtjg^ ov (6), a sailor. 
XopTog, ov (6). grass, a meadow. 
Ko0ii/o^. ov (6), a basket. 
'IX^ifC, vog (6), a fish. 
KXaV/xa, drog {t6)^ a fragment. 
Bpujfiay drog {t6)^ food, victuals. 
"Eprjfiog, cv (6, >}), wild, desert. 
HXrjprjg^ eog (6, r])y full. 
Afcywi/, ovaa, oVy saying. 
*A.Trf\Qujv, Ovaa, oVj having 

gone. 
IlEpia<Tevo)Vy ovaa, ov, leaving 

over, remaining. 
AafSdwj ovaay ov, having taken. 
^opovfievogy >;, ov, fearing. 
KKdaag, daa^ ai/, having broken. 



Aia(f>ep6nivog^ rj, ov^ being 

driven up and down. 
'AvafBXs-ipag^ daa, av^ having 

looked up. 
'Pt\//ac, d(Ta, av, having cast. 
Aiaarrjcrag^ daa^ av, having 

passed, moved. 
BoXiaag {larag), dfTa, av, having 

sounded. 
"E^w/ce, he or she gave. 
Ei>Xoy»;{rf, he or she blessed. 
Ilapr]\dt, it is passed, it has be- 
come late. 
'Ey£i/£ro, it arrived, it was 

come. 
"E;)^o)M£j^, we have. 
"E'^ovGi {y), they have. 
AvxovTO, they pray for, tliey 

wish for. 
'Yirevoovv, they thought, they 

deemed. 
"l^(pdyov, they ate. 
'E^opraVO^jcrai^, they were filled, 
''Hpav, they collected. 



FIRST GREEK COrRSE. 79 



Tlpogrj\9ov, they came. 
' Ay pd(T(o (7 L (i/), they may buy. 
*A7r6\v(T0Vf send, send away. 
^orSj give. 
^epsre, bring. 

TeveaOai, to come, to break. 
JJpogdysiv, to draw near, to ap- 
proach. 
^u\eiv^ to eat. 

*k7re\9fXv, to depart, to go away. 
*AvaK\iOrivaL, to be seated. 



Mo» {dat. of eyu)), to me. 
'EaVTolg (dat, phi. of kavTOv)j 

for themselves. 
Xw|Ot^, besides. 
'^(ju^ about. 
'0^5 when. 

Bpaxvy beyond, a little further. 
UdXiVf again. 
"RSrj, already, now. 
''Qdsj here, hither. 
'EjSdoixriKovTdKiQy seventy times. 

sv rOj 'A^p/a, zara /!j!,s(fov rr^g wnrog virsvoovv oi vcfZrat 
it^ogayiiv rim avroTg yjji^av^ xai /SoX/Vavrs^, sv^ov h^yviag 
iixo(fr ^pfX'X^ ^^ dia(fTri(favTsg, zai ^dXiv /SoX/Vavrs^, 
i^pov opyviag de7ca<7rsvTS. f^ojSovfjLsvoi rs /j^yj'Troijg sig rpayug 
TO'TTovg sx^e(fCf}(riv, sx ^pv/juv/jg '^i-^l/avrsg ayxij^ag ridda^ag^ 
yyo-^^ovTO rj/isoav yivsd&ai. 

^O-^iag ds ysvo/m^svyjg, 'Trpog^Xdov rQj 'l^jrToD o/ [j^a^r^roLi 
avrov, Xsyovreg' "^^rjfLog scfriv 6 ro^og, %a} 7} U)pa 7]bri 
m'a^YiXkr amXv6ov rovg oyXovg, ha aTrsXdovTsg sJg rag 
Tcdo/m^agj a'yo^dffc^(nv savroTg jSpoofJbara, 'O dl 'irjcrovg slTrsv 
avToTg' Ov %^£/av syovct/v d'jrsXkTr dors avroTg Vfjbs?g 
cpaysTv, 0/ bs Xsyovcriv avrQj' Ov'/C i^of/^sv ^ds g/ fjbrj 
'TTsvrs a^rovg Kai dvoj ly^&vag, '0 hi sJ'tts' ^spsrs 
/jboi avrovg (Lbs, Ka/ '/.sXibcag rovg oyXoug dva%ki&r\vaLi 
It/ rovg yo^Tovg^ %ai "ka^djv rovg 'Ttsvrs avrovg xal rov^ 
bvc*) /p^^uag, dvcc/SXg-^/ccg slg rov ovpavov^ svXoyricii^ %al 
xXacag, ibooxs roTg fjba^yjraTg rovg dprovg, o'l b\ fjja^rirai 
roTg 'dyXoig^ %at s(pocyov ^di/reg^ xai lyoprd^^riclccv^ %ai 
" fi^oLV ro 'TTs^ictCjsvov rujv %Xa(Sfjbdrojv bu}bs7ia x,o(pivovg ^TrX^^stg^ 
0/ bs sddiovrsg y}(^av dvbpsg wtrg/ 'KivranigyjXiot^ YJ^ph yif- 
vaixuv Tcal ^CLibi(f)v, 

Rem. — (1) Kara iikaov vvktoq, '* in the middle of the night,'* 
*' at or about midnight." (See Eem. 1, Ex. 60.) 

(2) ALadepofxevtov rj/jiutv kv rif ^ASpiq,, '' as we were being tossed 
about in the Adriatic." The genitive absolute is often equiva- 
lent to a dependant sentence introduced by the particle, when^ as^ 
or after, (See Rem.l, Ex. 88.) 



80 ahn's method. 

(3) 'Ynevoovv oi vavrai Trpogayeiv rii>a avToiQ ^(wpa7', '* the 
sailors deemed that tbey were drawing near some land." 

(4) EuXoynaff *'he blessed them.^' (See Eem. 2, Ex. 86.) 

(5) To 7repL(j(Tevop, " the leaving over," *' what remained/' 
Participle with the article used for relative and verb. (See Eem. 2, 
Ex. 65.) 

97. 

The first danger of the enterprise. There were nine 
statues of Alexander in Ephesus. The second hour of 
the day. The third hour of the night. The fourth 
day of the battle. The explorers found eight black 
horses. We have twenty- two very beautiful stone jars. 
Bring me the eleven good books. The fifth victory of 
Epaminondas. Send away these twenty-five silly women. 
Are there sixteen dead Spartans ? The seventh of the 
great painters of Attica. The eighth general of the 
Boeotians. The ninth war of the Macedonians. These 
seventeen weapons are all bad. Semiramis killed one 
hundred and fourteen ferocious panthers. A cat having 
gone to an actor's house, captured in the middle of the 
night a number of mice. Here are twenty eloquent and 
pious men. There were twenty-three just and sagacious 
judges in Syracuse. There are seven broad but not deep 
rivers in Asia. Are there twenty-five honest men in 
Thrace ? 

98. 

THE PRONOUNS. 

'Eyi, /. 

Singular. 
First Person. Second Person. Third Person.- 

Nom. lyu), I. tfu, thou. not used. 

Gen, s(jbov, fMov, of me. (ToD, of thee. oJ, of one^s self. 

Dat, l/ico/, pi^oij to me. (To/, to thee. ol, to one's self. 

Ace. i/Ms, /j/s, me. (fg, thee, s, trpg, one's self. 



FIRST GKEEK COriiSF. 



81 



Dual 
First Person. Second Person. Third Person. 

K.A, vu)/\ vujj we cpS/, cpcJ, you cpws, ^rpw, them- 
both. both. selves both. 

G.D. vw/v, vpi', of or ff^uiv, C)(pOjv, of cpw/i/, of or to both 
to us both. or to vou both. themselves. 



Nom. Ti/i-eTg, we. v/llsT;, you. not used. 
Gfin. TifMciv^ of us. xjfjjcbv^ of you. 6<poov^ of themselves. 
Dfl^, ;5/^/v, to us. \j[JjTv, to you. cp/V/, cp/, cp/v^to them- 
./^c(7. ;5A^ac, us. hiJjag^ you. selves. 

cpa^, (rps, themselves. 

Rem. — (1) The forms }igv, fxoi, }ih, coi', coi, cl, oy, ol, e, 
(T^io-t, and (T0g, are all enclitics. (See Eem. Ex. 13.) 

'E/xo^, my. 

Masc. Fern. Ment. 

p. C Sing, B/^og, ifjbs, s/jlov, my, mine. 

Person. ^ ^^^- yj/^jrspog, ^ga, -^ov, our, ours. 

\^T>uah vc^i'Ts^og, -^cc^ -^ov. belonging to us both. 

, f Sing. Co;, rrj^, cov, thv, thine. 

Second J n; ' ' ^ - ' 

Person. ^ ^"'* "^/^-''^fo^? -^^? -^^^? v^ur, yours. 

LZ)«a/. ofCfji'Ti^og, -^a, -^oj/, belonging to you both. 

Third f *S?w^. oc, goc, '>5, 2?i, 6V, sov, his, her, its. 
Person. [^ Plu. . (^feriPog, -/?a, -^ov, their, theirs. 

Eem. — (2) Each of the forms of sfiog is declined like adjectives 
of the first declension. 



Masc. 

^. ^ f Gen. s/j^avTov. 
First J 71 . 3 
Person < ^^^' f/^'^'^^^. 



'E/xa 'J rou, of myself. 

Singular. 
Fem. 



Nent. 

-cu, of myself. 
-w, to myself. 
-0, myself. 



82 



AHN s MpyrnoT). 



Second J^^:-"^"'^-^?' 

Person. < ^^^- ^^ai^r^, 

[^Acc, (fsavrov, 

mi • J r ^^^» SaVTOV. 

Third J 7^ . . ^ ' 
Person. ^ ^^^- f^^^^? 






-ou, of thyself. 
-p, to thyself. 
-0, thyself. 

-ou, of himself. 
-oD, to himself. 
-0, himself. 



Third 
Person 



<J Dat. lavToTg^ 
savrovgy 



' I Ace. 



Plural. 

'Oov^ -ojv, of themselves. 

'CcTgj -o/g, to themselves. 

-ag, -a, themselves. 

(3) The first and second persons of Ifiavrov are not used in the 
plural. 

(4) The forms of this pronoun are sometimes contracted, as aavTov, 
for aeavTov ; avrov, for eavrov, the rough aspirate distinguishes 
this last contraction from avrov, the gen. of uvtoq. (See Ex. 86.) 



"'O^, his, her, its, who, which, that. 







Singular. 








Flural. 






Masc 


Fem. 


Neut. 




Masc. 


Fem. 


Neut 


Nom. 


. oj, 


V, 


0, ov. 




o/? 


a/, 


&, 


Gen. 


OVj 


ng, 


o5. 




S)V. 


6^!/, 


(Lv, 


Dot, 


^% 


r 
?7' 


a;. 




otg, 


oclgj 


Olf, 


Ace. 


6V, 


J^l', 


0, oV. 




ovgy 


«s, 


«'. 








Dual. 












Masc. 




Fem. 




Neut. 








iV.^. oi. 








W. 








(?.Z). olv, 




d/v, 




olv. 





(5) "0^ is both a possessive and a relative pronoun. It is de- 
clined like the article, omitting r. 

(6) The syllable irep is often joined to og when used as a relative 
forming the compound oi^Trsp, f]7repj oirep, "who," *' which," 
"that." (See Ex. 70.) 

(7) The compound ogTig^ rjrig, o, n ; " who," " whoever," 
*' whatever," gen. ovnvog, rigrivog, ovri.vog, has each of its forms 
d&^'jJiied like 6g and rig respectively. (See rig in Appendix.) 



PIliST GllEES COCJESE. 



83 



'AXX^Xwv, of one another. 

Gen, dXXyjXoQv^ of one another. 

Dat. dXXTjXoig, dXXrjXa/gj to one another. 

^cc. dXXTjXovg^ dXXrjXag^ a7\.Xr)Xa^ one another. 

Dual. 
G.D. dXXrjXoiv^ -aiv, of or to the one and the other. 
Ace. dXXr,Xuj, dXXyjXa, the one and the other. 



99. 



*AKor}, riq (77), celebrity, renown, 
fame. 

"^vpia, ag (?/), Syria, Palestine. 

*lovSaQ^ ov (6), Judas. 

'M^GovvKTiov, ov {to), midnight. 

'I(7icapid)Tr)g, ov (6), Iscariot. 

TliXdroQ, (arog), ov (6), Pilate. 

AiTiov, ov (to), a fault. 

liai.Siov, ov {to), a Httle boy, a 
boy.. 

^Apxispevg, iujg (6), a high priest. 

QsXrjfjLa, aTog {to), the will. 

'Prjfxa, uTog {to), a word, saying, 
expression. 

"OXog^ f], ov, all, the whole of. 

Atyofjievog, r\, ov, called, named. 

^vvTiyfikvog, rj, ov. met together. 

JloLYicrag, daa, av, having done. 

'nopeu9eig,t'i(Ta, sv, having gone. 

EvpicDcw, I find, I do find. 

'EiciXf^vde, he bade, desired, com- 
manded. 

'E9Epd7rsv(Js {v), he cured. 

'EX6Xr)aE {v), he spoke, he s^jake, 
he addressed. j 

ATrrjXOa {v), he, she, or it went, j 
it spread. ! 

An, it behoves, one must» | 



QsXsTe, you will. 

"HdsLTe, you knew, wist ye .'^ 

"^E^rjTslTe, you sought, you did 

seek, you have sought. 
"E(JTr](Jav, they agreed, they 

covenanted. 
Ilpog7]veyKav, they brought, they 

did bring. 
^vvrJKav, they understood. 
liapadioaoj, I will deliver up. 
"E|ft, he, she, or it will have. 
llopeij(jeTaL, he will go. 
E'iTry, he would say. 
'A7r6\r)TaL, he, she, or it should 

perish. 
Xprjdov, lend. 
'Rfxepwcrai, to plough up. 
AvaTELvaaOai, to stretch forth. 
Aovvai, to give. 
"Eu7rpo(T0ev, of, in presence of. 
O^, sometimes ovy where, 
T6t€, then, tliereupon. 
"On, that, is it that ? because. 
^aOijjg, as. 

}Lay<o (for Kal eyco), if I. 
'iva^ that. 
lloffdicig {dKig) ; how often ? 



*0 AaoiTog roT^ 'TpzavoTg Ixs7.s'u(fs rd ^aXrd dtarsU 
vaff&ai. 'O ys(;jpyog f/Xs^yog xa/ to avrou TTCcibiov, cl)f- 



84 ahn's method. 

psTt fjboi TO'jg Kotp-TTovg. *0 UiXuTog sire -Trph; rove 
a^%/s^£/'^ xa/ TO'jg o^Xovg' Ou^sv suphKOj airiov h rw 
CLM^poQiru) ro'jTUJ, Avroi u6i (p^ovi/jLoorccroi Ttai dvdpsioraroi 
rojv 6T^ari(fiTajv, Kvpog hi^ag roTg Ilip6aig ^oj^/ov aoyh %olI 
ay.avQcijbig l)CiXs'j(jev ri/ubspaj/yoci, OJ yap s/V/ dvoj rj rpsTg 
ffvvT^yfjbivoi eJg rb IfLov ovo/j,a^ l/tsT it^jji b ij,b6u) auroiv. 
AoTS axjrOj ra iTD/d/iia. Tiooivdsvrsg 0/ [laQrirai^ %ai 
^or/](favrsg xadojg 'irpogsra^sv avroT^ 6 T/}(fovg, Ovz 
i6Tt ^sX'/j^aa s/Jb'Trooffhv rou ^aroog hfjjojv^ rov h ovpavoTgy 
ha d'TroXyirai slg tZ)v [JjIX^ojv rovrw. *0 l7}(foug sI'tts 
'TT^hg Tovg yovsTg avrov* T/ on i^yirsTre [J^i ; oby. TJdsirs 
on Iv ro7g rov '^rarpdg f/^ov dsT iivai [i>i ; Ttai avroi o'j 
(Tvvrjxav to ^55/^a, IXdX'/^cnv avroTg. * A'aTiXkv 7} dx,ori 
^Irjffoij slg oXtjv ry]v '2v^iar Kal ^^ogriviy%av abruJ 'irdvTag 
TO'jg zaKojg s^ovrag, zat k&i^d^iu^iv avrovg. E/Vs roTg 
{jba^TiTaTg* T'tg J^ b(jj^v s^si (piXov^ Tiai iro^ih^irai 'Tr^hg 
avTOV [MidovuxTiov^ xai ii'Trr} avroj' <I>/>wg, ^^rjCov [Lot r^sTg 
aprovg. Tors ^opsvhig slg roov ^w^sxa, Xiyoihivog 'lovdag 
'l(rxa^i(LTrig^ ^r^og rovg dpyjipitg^ xai sJ^tts ri dsXsre /uloi 
dovvai^ %d.yd) b[jj7v ^apadu)(roj avrov ; Oi ds 'i^rriaav avruj 
T^idxovTa d^yv^ia, 

Eem. — (1) Ta TraXrd diarsLvacrOnty "" to extend their darts." 
Tbe possessive pronouns my^ thy^ Jds^ her^ its^ their ^ when no par- 
ticular emphasis is implied, are rendered by the article. 

(2) Kai rb avrov iraidiov, *' and his boy." The possessives 
my, thy, his, her^ its, their, when emphatic, are often rendered by 
fjLov, aov, or the genitives of avrog. (See Rem. 1, Ex. 90.) 

(3) ^eptrs fjLoi, " bring 7ne,'* Verbs signifying ** to bring '' 
generally govern a dative of the person. 

(4) Ovokif f.vpi(TKio airiov Iv rif avQp^Tri^, *" / see no fault in 
this man." The personal pronouns I, thou, he, she, it, we, youy 
and they, unless emphatic, are rarely expressed. 

(5) Avroi d(jL, *' they are." The personals he, she^ it, they, and 
you, when expressed, are often rendered by the article, or by the 
nominative forms of avrog. (See Rem. 1, Ex. 90.) 

(6) *Ev fikffiij avrCJif, " in the midst of them.'* The objective 
personal pronouns him, her, it, them, are generally rendered by the 
corresponding forms of avrog. (See Eem. 1, Ex. 90.) 

(7) 'EKsXevcrev ///xf|OW(Tat, "he ordered them to plough it up." 
The objectives him, her, it, them, as also the dative pronouns, are 
often understood. (See Eem. 4, Ex. 96.) 



riKST GREEK COUHSE. 85 

(8) AoTs avriyi, *' give himj* Verbs signifying '^o give/' gene- 
rally take a dative case of the person. 

(9) TiopevQivTEQ ot naOrjTal Kai iroi-qcfavT^Q, '*the disciples 
went and did.'* "Wlien two verbs in a past tense, coupled witli 
*' and," occur in English, they may be rendered, as in this sentence, 
by the corresponding Greek participles. 

^ (10) KadioQ TTpogsra^ev avrolc, " as he desired them.** Verbs 
signifying *' to command," govern a dative of the person. (See 
Kem. 5, Ex. 70.) 

(11) Tov 8v ovpavolQ, ^* who is in heaven." Article equivalent 
to a relative with a form of the verb to be. (See Rem. 2, Ex. 60.) 

(12) Etg Tuiv fjLiicpujj/ TovTojv, '* ouc of thcsc little ones.'* An ad- 
jective used substantively. (See Eem. 8, Ex. 91.) 

(13) *Ep Tolg Toif TTarpog jxov, "about my father's affairs or 
business." The dative plural of irgayixa understood. (See Eem. 
7, Ex. 91.) 

(14) Ati elvai ^f, ^' it behoves me to be," i. e. " I must be." 

(15) TovQ naKuJQ exovTag^ " the ill-having," " thesick.*' (See 
Eem. l,Ex. 80.) 

(16) llopv9ug TTpbg Tovg apxupeXg, "he went to the high- 
priests." The English particle to is sometimes rendered by a da- 
tive case, without a preposition (see Ex. 73) ; and when motion is 
implied, by 7rp6g or alg. (See Rem. 2, Ex. 94.) 

100. 

I grow older every day. Thou art a great deal richer 
than I. They say we shall be in safety. Have you any 
water ? The people have no wine, and they ate the brend. 
The weapons of the soldiers and their horses. The in- 
dustrious peasants and their ploughs. The lioness and 
her six cubs. Ptolemy and his father Lagus, king of 
Egypt. The fox had an actor's mask in its paws. My 
three estimable friends. Thy brother who is rich. Your 
beautiful and respected sisters. Our magnanimous and 
invincible allies. Semiramis the Assyrian, and her re- 
nowned army. Your horse has appeared to be more dif- 
ficult to fight than you. Socrates, seeing that Alcibiades 
was conceited on account of his wealth, pretended to be 
poor. Perdiccas seized a panther and captured her. The 
mouse found a frog and devoured it. Jason having in- 
spected the sailors of Attica, praised them. Alexander 

H 



86 



AH:N S METHOD. 



became master of Asia, but the Macedonians were trouble- 
some to him. Really, friend, I would not go near you 
though you were the high-priest of Syracuse. Send 
away the dogs. Bring me the fish. Lend him ^ve 
pieces of silver. Give her the book. The sick hunter 
cured himself. Epaminondas said to himself, I will deliver 
up the Spartans. Cleopatra the Egyptian killed herself. 
Where did the cat hang itself ? The people collected 
food for themselves. The Persians seeing themselves 
diminishing day by day, said to each other : Why are 
the Medes greater than we, if not more brave } 



101. 



BaaiXeiay ag (r)), a kingdom. 

'0(pfiXsTriQ, ov (c), a debtor. 

UsTpogy ov (6), Peter. 

Kvpiog, ov (6), a lord, a master. 

Aoyog^ ov (6), a word, an ac- 
count. 

Aoi^Xo^, ov (6), a slave, servant. 

^vvdcvXoQy ov (6), a fellow- 
servant. 

AivSpog or dkvdpcv, ov {jo), a 
tree. 

TsKvov, ov {to), a child. 

Advtiovy ov {to)) a debt. 

TaAaj^Toy, ov {to), a talent, 
about £250 sterling. 

ArjvdpioVf ov {to), a denier, a 
penny. 

*Ap^dfx€vog, r], or, having be- 

llpogtX9(t)v, ovaa, ov, having 

come. 
'E^fX^wv, ovGaj ovy having gone 

out. 
JI«(Ta>v, ovaa, ov, having fallen 

down. 
KpaTrfffag, dffa, av, having laid 

hands upon, having seized. 
STrXayxvio-Oci^, ei(7a, iv, having 

been moved with compassion. 



"Oo-oc, 77, ov, that, that which, 

what. 
'OcpeiXeig^ thou owest, you owe. 
^AcprJKc (v), he forgave. 
'ATreXvae {v), he loosed, he let 

go. 
"QipeiXe {v), he owed. 
"'EiTrvlye, he took by the throat. 
'HOkXtjfff, he wished, he would. 
UpogKvvsi, he did homage, he 

worshipped, he prostrated him- 
self before. 
iipogrjvsxOi], he, she, it, or their 

was brought. 
'QfjiOLujOrj, he, she, or it is 

likened, 
I Apdrs. you do, you are doing, 

you accomplish. 
*Qpfi7](TdTe, you came forth, you 

were bent. 
Bov'SeaOsj you wish, you like. 
'A7ro^(i/(Ta>, I will pay, repay. 
'UyrjCTofiai, I will lead, I will be 

leader. 
'A(pr](7ii), I shall forgive. 
^AjjiapTijcrei, he shall sin. 
'^TTiXi^aaOe, choose. 
MaKpoOvfirjacv, have patience. 
'Airudogj pay. 



FIRST GREEK COURSE. 87 



Svvatpftv, to reckon. 
'Evi^apaij to have reckoned, to 

take. 
ILpaSrjvai, to be sold. 



'ATTcdoOrjvai, to be repaid, pay- 
ment to be made. 
EiV, against. 
'ETTi (gTT* before a yowel, £0' be- 



'Airodovvaif to pay, to repay. J fore an aspirate), npon, with. 

T/ o5v ov b^are rovro, Jp' o %ai u^fMyj&ars ; 'E'7r/X5^a(r^s, 
0/ Maxg^ovs^, ov f3ov\s(fh Yjys/iLovojv^ zyob ds riy7]6o(j^ai roov 
ris^cwv. Tors 'TT^ogsX^ojv avruj 6 Usr^og^ zl'irv KvpiSj 
'TTo^d'/iig aiha^TTi^ii sJg s/ms 6 ahX(p6g (JjOu^ xccI a(p7}(rcf) 
avTuj ; sojg sirrdTtig ; Asysi avruj 6 ^Iri^ovg' ov Xsyco (Toij 
s'cfjg s'TTrdxig^ dXX' sojg s^do/XTjxovrd'/Cig sTrrd, A/a rovro 
oj/jjOiojdr} 7] (SaffiXsia, rojv ohoamv ccv&pdo'iruj (SocctiXsT^ oc ^^1- 
Xri<fs 6uvaoai Xoyov iiird tmv dovXc^Jv avrov' ^ A^^a/ULsvou 
ds avTOv (T'jj/a/ps/v, <7r^ogyivs^d'y} avrSj sTg bfsiXerrjg fMvpmv 
raXdvrCfjv f^ri s')(^ovTog ds avrov dirohoZvai, s7tsXsuc>sv avrov 
6 Ttb^iog avrou irpa&rivai^ %ai tt^v yvvaTxa avrov^ %ai ra 
T-gxi/a, xa/ 'itavTOL o6cl s/p/s* %a/ d'jrododrjvat. IIs(foljv ovv 
6 dovXog ir^ogsnhvsi aura;, Xsycfjr Ku^/s, /jt,axpo^'jfjby}(^oy sir* 
i/Moi^ xcci -ravra Co/ d'TTodux^oo' (f'rrXay^vK^kig ds 6 %\joiog 
ro\j doiiXov sks/voVj dirsX\}6sv avTov^ Kai to ddvsiov d(pri%sv 
avrQj, ^B^sXdobv bs 6 dovXog sKsTvog, sv^sv sVa tu}]j cuv- 
dovXojv avrouy og lixpsiXsv avrOj s'/tccrov drjvd^ia' %ai >cpa» 
TTjcag avTov sVi'/ys, Xsyujv ^A'Todog [lot o, r/ ofslXsig, 

Eem. — (1) 'E^' o Kal wpuriaarSy ^^u^on what even you were 
bent," e. 6., " what you intended." The neuter relative rovro o 
that which or what, should be divided, as in the text, by some 
other word. 

(2) 'Atpriauj avrqi ; '* shall I forgive him f* Verbs signifying 
" to forgive,'* govern a dative of the person. 

(3) 'AvOpcjTTii) PamXeiy " to a certain king." 

(4) *EKskev(Jtv avrov 7rpa9rjvai. "he ordered him to be sold." 
Though the verb /ceXft'o) signifies "to command/' it sometimes never- 
theless takes an accusative of the person. (See Rem. 10, Ex. 99.) 

(5) ntcwi/ 6 bovXog TrpoQSKvvsi avT<f^ "the servant having 
fallen down, he worshipped him," i. e. " the servant /^^^ down and 
worshipped him." When two verbs in a past tense coupled with 
" and" occur in English, the first, or both, may be rendered by the 
corresponding participle. The Greek idiom is very partial to this 
construction. (See Rem. 9, Ex. 99.) 

H 2 



88 ahn's method. 

(6) lldvra (Toi oLfToSJcro), '* I will pay ?;to all." Verbs signi- 
fj'ing " to pay " govern a dative of the person. 

(7) "Of u}<pf:i\€v avT(ff *' who owed Mm " Verbs signifying 
*' to owe" likewise take a dative of the person. 

102. 

The slaves bring us wine. The servant gave me the 
fruit. I will deliver you up to the high priests. What 
are you doing ? Are you doing what you intended ? 
What did he owe you ? You owe me ten pieces of 
silver ; pay me five. Will you give my horse some 
corn ? Shall I forgive the peasant this debt ? Cyrus 
commanded his soldiers to hide their weapons. Perdiccas 
went and seized the lion. A cat came and devoured the 
mice. A fox ascended a tree and hung himself. The 
boys went and did as their tutor desired them, A 
man who is pious. A queen who is powerful. A field 
that is covered with thorns. Kings who are not just. 
Women who are not prudent. Elephants and other such 
animals that are not timid. Choose which you like of 
the fish. Give me which you like of the eggs. We 
have flowers here, of which the colour is very beautiful. 
These are the judges to whom I will pay honour. Send 
away which you like of these messengers. Bring me 
which you have of the books. Jason ordered his pioneers 
to examine carefully the enemies whom they might re- 
cognise. Do you think yourself great on account of 
stratagems which are in no wise honourable ? 

103. 

VERBS.-THE AUXILIARY. 

E//>t//, / am. 

Indicative Mood. 

Present Tense, 

! First Person, sJf/^f, I am. 

Second Person, sic, or eJ, thou art. 

Third Person, Itfr/, he is. 



FIRST GREEK COURSE. 



89 



Plu. 
Dual. 

Sing, 
Plu. 
Dual, 

Sing, 

Plu, 

Dual. 

Sing, 

Plu. 

Dual. 



i First Person, l(r/^si/, we are. 

I Second Person, hre, you are. 

( Third Person, g/V/, they are. 

i First Person, not used. 

Second Person^ krov, you both are. 

Third Person, Urov^ they both are. 

Imperfect Tense. 

I First Person, rjv^ I was. 

Second Person, ^g, or rjcfda, thou wast. 

Third Person, rj, or riv, he was. 

! First Person, rjfJi^svj we were. 

Second Person, r](irs^ or ^rs^ you were. 

Third Pei'son, rj'^av^ they were. 

Fii'st Person, not used. 

Second Pei^son, rj(frov, or rj-rov, you both were. 

Third Person, 7i(^rriV^ or TJrriv, they both were. 

Future Tense. 
{ First Person, s(Sofjbaiy I will be. 

I Second Person, hri^ thou wilt be. 

( Third Person, sc^srai^ or s(^Tai, he will be. 



First Person, Iffo/jusda^ 
Second Person, s(fs(rk, 
Third Person, sVoi^ra/, 

First Person, l(f6fjbs9ov, 
Second Person, s(fs&dov, 
Third Perso7i, 'iditskv, 

Imperative Mood. 

Second Person, "lC&i, 
Third Person, sc^tm, 
Second Pe7'son, sVrs, 
Third Perso7i, sVrwcav, sVrw 
Second Person, sfrrov, 
Third Person, Uroiv, 



we will be. 
you will be. 
they will be. 

we both will be. 
you both will be. 
they both will be. 



be. 

let him be. 
be (ye). 
, let them be. 
be (ye) both, 
let them both be. 
H 3 



00 AHI^ S METHOD* 



^ 



SuBjuN^CTiYE Mood. 
f 1st Person, w, I be, I were, I may be. 
S. < 2nd Person, fig^ thou be, thou wert, thou mayst be. 
\^3rd Person, fi^ he be, he were, he may be. 

f \st Person, StiMzv^ we be, we were, we may be. 
P.< 2nd Person, rtrs, you be, you were, you may be. 
[^3rc/ Person, cSc/, they be, they were, they may be. 

j^ r 2nd Pe?'Son, rjrov, you both be. 
I 3rd Person, tjtov, they both be. 

Optative Mood. 

f ^sf Person, siyjVj I might, or would be. 
S.< 2nd Person, st^jg, thou mightst, or wouldst be. 
\^37'd Pei'son, sltj^ he might, or would be. 

(1st Person, siTjfjbsv, we might or would be, 
P. <^ 2nd Person, sirirs, you might or would be. 
\^3rd Person, sirj<f(xv, they might or would be. 

J. f 2nd Pe7'son, nrirov^ you both might be. 
' \ 3rd Pei'son, sJtjtt]]/, they both might be. 

Infinitive Mood. 

Present Tense^ ilvat^ to be. 
Future Tense, s&i(r$cctj about to be. 

Participles. 

Present, m, wi/, ^en, ovrog ; f. o06a^ gen, ov(fy}g ; 7i. oV, 

gen. ovTog, being. 
Future, m. laoiiivog^ -ov ; /. ho/jjsvr}, -rig ; n. k^oi^ivov^ -ou, 

about being. 

Rem. — (1) Like the foregoing are conjugated Trdptifxi, "I am 
present ;" <TV}x7rdpuixi^ " I am present with /' and all other com- 
binations of 61/il. 

(2) When two or more forms of a person are in use, the con- 
tracted, or shorter form, is most usually employed. 



rillST GliEKK COUESE. 



91 



(3) Elfii takes some of its tenses from ho *' I place ;" of these, 
however, the future is only given in the foregoing table, that tense 
alone being essential to the conjugation of the auxiliary. 

(4) The present indicative forms of slf^U are all enclitics, with 
the exception of the second person singular. (See Rem. 3, Ex. 65.) 

(5) When a wish is expressed as in the phrase, ^' May you be 
successful ;" and in such locutions as '^ Would that you were 
happy!'* the forms "were" and " may be " of the auxiliary, are 
rendered by the optative, not by the subjunctive mood. 



104. 



Kap^ia, ag {rj), the heart. 
EvTvxici^ ag {rj), happiness. 
^OjOa, ag (r/), impetuosity. 
'O^BaXfjidgy ov (6), the eye. 
'AvTi8lKog, ov (6), an adversary, 
"EKOTogy £of , -ovg {to), darkness, 

obscurity. 
Kepdogf fog, -ovg (ro)^ gain, 

profit. 
"AXac, arog (to), salt. 
'EXTTtg, 1^0^ (^), hope. 
MiCFTog^ rjy ov, full. 
'2KOTtiv6g, rij ov, dark, full of 

darkness. 
TaireLvog, rj, ov, humble, lowly. 
Ilovrjpog, a, ov, bad, evil. 
Mcupoc, a, ov, foolish. 
'EfiiKpog, a, ov (for fxiKpog), 

small, little. 
Tfpg^og, a, ov, mild, meek, gentle. 
"A^Log, ia, lov, worthy. 
'AXoyicFTOQ (6, r/), mad, insane. 
"AvovQ (6, ij) for dvoog, stupid. 
UpogdoKUJiitvog^r}, ov, hoped for 
^vvoCJv, ov(Ta, ovv, being on 

good terms, friendly. 
'Afpfigt ei(Ta, kv, having lost, 

having let go. 



Uahag, d(7a, av, having smote. 
YlapEig, eTcra, ev, having let pass, 

neglected. 
T€;^(?£ig, eXaa, ev, having been 

born. 
Asyers, you say. 
'EKpdrrjtjt, he became master. 
'RyipOrj, he is risen. 
'AcpieraL, he, she, or it is left. 
UapaXafxPdveTai, he, she, or it 

is taken away. 
"EXeyov, they said. 
'OfioXoyovvrai, they are (were) 



^evys, 

EiTTOj, 1 may say, I send word. 
'EXtti^oi/xi, I would wait. 
npogevxyi thou pray, thou 

prayest. 
'YTTapx^jhe, she, or it would grow. 
"Avev, without. 
"Orav, when. 
"Ottov, where. 
^rj/jLtpov, to-day. 
Taxvt quickly. 
"Eojg oTov, whilst. 
"OcpeXs, would ! would that ! 
"Eycoys, I indeed. 



Upaog sJfLi %ai ra^Ttimg rfj xapbia. Tig sf; Tig l^riv 
o\)Tog ; Tig \67tv 6 'jtaKSag cs ; Ilov s^tiv 6 rs^h/g jSa- 
ctAsug rujy ^lovdaiojv ; Oux eVr/v c^dz, riysodr} yap xa&cug 
kl'Tfiv, 0/ ds o'^Xo/ sXByov OvTog sc>t/v ^l7,GoZg 6 '7r^of)r)rr}g, 



92 ahn's method. 

Hv 7] rojv Ilip6ajv s'TilSovXr} h nvvrtyiGtu), Usvtb r^6a^ 
1^ aurojv (p^ovi/j^oi, %ai 'ttsvts /juM^ai, Aa^sTog sx^drrjcfs rcov 
'X^xavwi/, 0/ d' s^a^hTg -qdav avrOj, Tiva /^g Xsyouffiv o'l 
avdpoj'jroi eJvai^ rov viov rou dvdpoo'Trov ; Asysi avroTg' 'X/jjsTg 
dl riva [Jji XsysTS shat ; *0 Ss/JjIcttotcXt^^ Ttal 6 'AX%/- 
^idh]g In itaThsg ovrsg b[MXoyovvTC/j (po^dg ij^idroi sJvai. 
Torg diio icfovrai \v rw dyp(f)^ 6 sig 'Tra^aXa/ublSdvsrat^ Ttai 
6 slg d(phTai, "Oirox) s^rh 6 ^rjcfavfog v/uboov, sxsT gWa/ 
■xai 7} xa^hia vf/jcov, ^svyB sig Kiyoitrov^ za/ ItS&i IxsT 
BOjg oiv sl'TTOJ 6oi, "l6&i svvock}V tSj dvrihi%(x) (fou rayjj^ g'wg 
6Voi> gJ gv 7fi odQj fMsr^ avrou. "'Rarz (p^dviihoi o'jrajg svdocU 
fioveg Tjrs, aviu yd^ rr\g (ppov7]6i(f}g dii e(fs(fk dv(frv^sTg. 
' Orav i7pogs\j')(ri^ ovtc sctrj ui<Sitip o) V'Troxp/raL 'Eav ^g o 
6(pdaXfL6g 6o\j 'Trovyjpog fi^ oXov to (^uj/ubd (fov (^xotbivov gWa/* 
g/ ovv TO (pojg TO sv Co/, 6%6Tog s^ti^ to (^XOTOg 'Ttodov'^ 
"OfsXs d^ioi UTjfJbsv 7}/icsrg TTJg dXyjhvg svTv^iagj rj'Trs^ h6Th 
ditadZiV d^STOov xcc^'jrog ! 'Eav tfi) s^ya(fTiKog fjg^ 6ij ^Xov(fiog 
s(r?j, 6 TcdfJbaTog yd^ Qri^aupog h6Tt ToTg dvdpdo^o/g. 'AXo- 
yidrog dv sltj 6 ^/ IX'TT/da fiiiZovog Td sv %gp<y/V apg/g, 
<S{jji%^d ovTOL, 'AXX' g^wyg dvoMg dv sirjv, g/, to h ysp^si 
'Tcapsig xspdog^ zdv (T/xik^ov f}y to 'r^ogdoxdj/isvov^ %av yAycx, 
iJ'Trdp^'yi, sX'TciZoiiJji. 

Rem. — (1) TaTTftvog Ty Kapdig,, " lowly in the heart,'* ^. e, 
"lowly in heart." The article is often used in Greek when rejected 
by the English idiom. (See Rpm. 2, Ex. 70.) 

(2) TiQ ecTTiv 6 TTahag ae, " who is "he who has struck you." 
(See Rem. 5, Ex. 96.) 

(3) Tiva [JLs \Byov(nv oi dvOpujiroi elvai; "whom do men say 
me to be ?" i. e. " whom do men say that I am ?" A dependant 
clause introduced by that in English, is usually rendered in Greek 
by putting the verb in the infinitive, and the noun or pronoun in 
the accusative case. 

(4) 'Yidv cs 6 ocpQoKfJLOQ GOV irovTjpbg y, "But tf your eye be 
evil." The particle edv governs the subjunctive mood, and if is 
rendered by tdv, when a hypothesis is implied. 

(5) 'ATran-oii/ dpsTwv izapiroQ, " the fruit of all virtues," i. e, " the 
fruit of all the virtues." In constructions of this kind, the Greek 
article is not used. 

(6) 'AXoyitrroc av tirj, " it would be insane." The particle dv 
here implies, that the thing stated is not supposed probable, and 
when used in this Avay, has no equivalent in English. 



FIRST GEEEK COrESE. 



93 



105. 

I am indeed stupid. Truly thou art foolish. He is 
really insane. We are not slaves neither are we hypo- 
crites. The Greeks are not now the salt of the earth, 
neither are they the light of the world. With whom 
were you to-day ? Wast thou with Peter ? Where was 
he ? When was it ? Why are you here } We were 
at Ephesus with Alexander, w^hilst you were at Syracuse 
with the army. Where you are, there will I be also. 
The feast will be delicious and abundant. The people 
will be odious to the king, the fields will be uncultivated 
and covered with thorns, and there will be darkness 
throughout all the land ; the men will be discouraged with 
much toil, and the women wiU not be worthy of honour. 
The apples being ripe, they are sweet. The children 
being good, they are happy. The flowers being fresh, 
they are beautiful. The estates of Alcibiades not being 
in Attica, they are not represented in the map. One 
must be patient. One ought to be industrious. I must 
be in the council to-day. The money must be repaid. 
This house must be sold. We ought to be true and 
generous. You ought to be wise and prudent. They 
ought to be just and merciful. He is not the man he 
has appeared to be. The king of Sicily has appeared 
to be a tyrant. Darius has been considered the wnsest of 
Persian kings. Epaminondas has been considered to be 
the most skilful of generals. What do people say that 
I am } 



106. 



nijyri, ijQ (^), a source, fountain. 
*Ap7rayri, rjg (»)), rapine, plunder, 

rapacity. 
'^Xsrjfioavvrjf rig (?/), charity, 

alms, 
TifJL(jjpia, ag (jJ), punishment. 
^Ett 1(7 Trjp,rj, 7j£ (r/), knowledge. 
'AypiTTTra^, ov (o), Agrippa. 



*Ydd<T7rT]gi ov (6), the river Hy- 



*KpiGTeidrig, ov (6), Aristides. 
AlaiDTTog^ ov (6), ^sop. 
^ridTog^ ov (6), Festus. 
^apiaaXog, ov (6), a Pharisee. 
OlKog, ov (6), a house. 
'!^idrjpogy ov (6), a sword. 



94 



AHN S METHOD. 



^SjSoc, ov (6), dread, fear, fright. 

XIoTjfpioVy ov (to), a cup. 

"Apicrrov, ov {to), a dinner. 

MdpTvp, vpog (6), a witness. 

11X^00^, eog (t6)^ mob, rabble. 

Kepafisvg, eoj£ (6), a potter. 

'AvdiravtTig^ Siog (6), repose. 

'AyaOoKXrjgj eovg (d), Agatbo- 
cles. 

*'A0pa»v, ovog (d, ^), a fool. 

^lepoaoXvfjLa, wv {to), Jerusalem. 

Mifx^ig, Idog (J]), Memphis. 

Uiva^, oLKog (d), a plate, platter, 
dish. 

^To^ia, arog (to), the mouth. 

Tpdfiiia, cLTog {t6)j a painting, 
picture, letter. 

"ApTviJiay cLTcg (to), seasoning. 

KaOdpogj d, dj/, pure, clean. 

AoiTTog, 7}, ov, other. 

^iXofidOrjg, tog, -ovg (6, rj), de- 
sirous of learning. 

Tlpcgtvxofisvegf rj, ov, praying. 

'E7rt/3oa>j/, ujcra, tjv, crying. 

l£iige\6wv, ovaa, or, having gone 
in. 

Uoiriffag, dffa, av, having made. 

UpoTjfiapTTiKujg, via, vg, having 
sinned heretofore. 

JlvvsifiL, I am with. 

UdpeLfjLL, I am present. 

^vfxndpsifii, I am present with. 

"ATTEijut, I am absent. 

'EvsLfjii, I am in, I possess. 

"Epxojuat, I come. 

UpoXkyu), I foretell. 



rpa0w, I write. 

^rjai (enclitic), he or she saj's. 

OsiopHTs, you see. 

BovXarai, he, she, or it wishes, 
desires, 

Ka9api'CeT€, you clean. 

'ETToijycrf , he made, he did make, 

*EOavfjidae (v), he wondered. 

'AveTTco-f (v), he sat down (to 
meat). 

'^TTrjpwTrifTe (v), he asked. 

'Hpiora, he besought. 

Tsjufi, he, she, or it is full. 

'EfBaTTTltTOrj, he had washed. 

^eiaofnai, I will spare. 

^TaOrjcTSTai, he, she, or it will 
be established. 

npoeipTjKUf I have told you be- 
fore. 

^Evsrvxov, they have dealt with. 

"EXOijj, I should come. 

^ApiaTTicTyy he would dine. 

'EykvsTo, it happened, it came 
to pass. 

Aelv, to behove, must. 

Zyv, to live. 

AaXrjaai, to have spoken. 

Uapd [Trap before a vowel), by, 
at one's house, 

TiXriv, better, but only, rather. 

*Ej/0a^£ (ah), here, in this place, 

Nui/, now. 

"E^w^si/, outside. 

*'E(r(o06j/, inside. 

KaTafjiovag, privately, alone. 

ILlg TO ndXiv, again, anew. 



T^lrov rovTo e^'^ofiai ^^og h[jjag, ^E^I (^rofiarog dvo flag" 
rv^Mv Ttai T^iMV 6raQri6irai ^av |^/^c&. U^os/prjxa xa) 
^^oXgyoi, Oijg 'Tta^Otjy rh diurspov^ %ai a'xujv vZv y^dfCf) roTs 
m'^ori[jjaprYi%66i xai ro7g Xoim'oTg *7ra(Siv, ort lav gX^w s/g rh 
ituXiv ov (pii^ofjjat, ^lS,ymro h rOj shat ahrh ^^ogzwyo- 
fjjivov Ttaraf/jovag^ 6{)vri6av ahrOj o) [x,a&Yirai^ %ai S'7ryipU)ry}(fsv 



FmST GREEK COUKSE. 95 

TifjjTv avd^sg^ hcfj^sTrs rovrov, orspt ov 'ttuv rh 'TrXTJhg tu)v 
^lovdajojv svsTv^ov (j,oi h rz *l£^o(foX\j/j^oig %at Ivdadz, I'jn- 
^oSjvrsg f/jYi bzTv Zy\v abrov fMrjxsTi, 'Ev tQj XaX^ca/, rjPU)Ta 
avrbv (papi<Scu6g rig oircag api6T7]c>ri iroL^ ahrOj* zigiX&m 
bs avs'7rs(fsv. 'O ds (pa^icouog^ Idojv Idav/m^acfsv on oh ^pootov 
h^a'irria&ri 'TT^o ro\j api^rov^ sItts ds 6 xvpiog 'jrphg ahror 
NDv \)ijji7g 0/ (pa^KTaToi ro s^oodsv rou ^Trorri^tov %ai rov 
'jrhanog ycadapl^srsy rh ds 'ifSojkv \j[Jj^v yifj^n ap'Ttayrig zai 
'TTovYipiag' afpovsg, ov"^ 6 ^oiri^ag ro s^ookvj zai rh emkv 
l^olrjffs ; UX^v ra svovra dore sXsTj/ULocT'jvrjv, %ai Ibov irdvra 
xada^d VfjbTv scriv. 

Rem. — (1) Tpirov TovTO, "third this,'* i.e. "this es the third 
time/' The forms of the verb to be are generally dropped in Greek, 
■when they can be omitted without obscuring the sense of the con- 
text. (See Eem. 3, Ex. 94.) 

(2) zItjo fiaprvpiov /cat rpiwr, " of two or three witnesses." 

(3) To SevTEpovy " the second time." The neuter form of the 
adjective devTspog, " second," has here a substantive value. The 
neuters of most other adjectives likewise admit of a similar extension 
of their signification, as ItyaOoVy " a good thing," to dyaOoVf 
*■" good," in a general sense. (See Rem. 4, Ex. 78.) 

(4) 'El/ r<p dvai avrbv wpogeyxoijuvov, "in the to be himself 
praying," i. e, "whilst he was praying." The preposition cj/ often 
occurs at the head of a dependant sentence, in which case it is 
equivalent to whilst^ when^ or as. Used in this way kv requires the 
verb to be in the infinitive mood, and the accessory words in the 
accusative case. In such constructions the infinitive becomes a 
noun and always takes the article. 

(5) lidvTtQ 01 (TvfjiTrdpovTeQ rjjjXv dvdpec, " all the being present 
with us men," i, e. " all the men who are here present." (See Rem. 
2, Ex. 104.) 

(6) QiujpdTE rovTov, "you see this m^w." The word dvdpa 
understood. Nouns of frequent occurrence are sometimes dropped 
in this way, when the sense of the context is not obscured by their 
omission. (See Rem. 8, Ex. 83; Rem. 1, Ex. 86, and Rem. 13, 
Ex. 99.) 

(7) M?) delv Z,yv avrbv firjKBTi^ "not it behoves him to live any 
longer;" i. e. "he ought not (to be allowed) to live any longer." 
Impersonal verbs sometimes take an accusative case. (See Rem. 
14, Ex. 99.) 

(8) 'Ev r(j) XaXricrai, "in the to have spoken," i, e. "when ho 
had spoken." (See Rem. 4, above.) 



96 ahn's method. 

(9) llXrjv rd Ivovra ^org IXerffiotrvvrjVy " it would be better if 
you gave alms of what i/ou possess, (See Rem. 6 above.) 

(10) lldvra KaOapd v^Xv furiv, *' all thing «r^ clean unto you." 
Updyfiara understood and verb consequently in singular. (See 
Rem. 7, Ex. 91,) 

107. 

What animal is fiercer than the lioness ? Which is 
the broadest and deepest river of Asia ? The Ganges 
and Hydaspes are the two great rivers of India. Ever}" 
man desires to live, even though he is poor and 
wretched. Hope of honour and dread of punishment 
are as sources of virtue. Apelles was the most illus- 
trious of the painters of Attica. They say that Aga- 
thocles king of Sicily was the son of a potter. Aris- 
tides the Just was a praiseworthy man, but he was 
unfriendly to Themistocles. Alcibiades besought Socrates 
to be his friend. The horse in the picture has appeared 
to be real. Cleopatra the Egyptian has not been con- 
sidered to be the best of queens. What do the people 
say that the painting at Memphis is ? O king, be just and 
merciful. Friend, be vigilant. Sbns, be prudent, that 
you may be respected. Fathers, be upright, that you 
may be worthy of honour. We may be happy even 
though we are poor. All men may be happy, for true 
happiness is the fruit of virtue. Repose is the seasoning 
of labour, and labour, according to ^sop, is a treasure to 
all men. Youths, if you are desirous of learning, you 
will be learned, for knowledge is the fruit of industry. O 
brother, would that you were wise and good ! 



APPENDIX. 



IRREGULAR NOUNS OF THE FIRST DECLENSION.— 
(See Ex. 64.) 

1. Nouns in a, gen. ng (See Rem. 2, Ex. 64) are de- 
clined thus : — 

7] rpd'm'^ci^ a table. 
Swgtdar, Dual. Tlural. 

Gen, Tpa-Trs^^Tig. rpa-'Trs^a. rpa'^itj^jv. 

Bat, rpa'rrVQfi. TpU'-iZoiiv, Tpocrs{^ocig, 

Ace. rpd^s^av. rpa^sto^g. 

2. Nouns of this declension in a^: and tj*; form the vo- 
cative by dropping the g, but the following in rjg make 
the vocative in a : — 

U^o(prjryig, ** a prophet," voc. Tr^ofriTOi, and other nouns 

in TTj^. 
K-jvui'Trrig, '' dog-faced," 7:oc. xwoj-ttk, and other words 

in C77j$. 
IIspC'/jc, " a Persian," voc. Us^ffa, and other names of 

nations. 
Ysu/jLsrpTigy ** a geometrician," voc. yiooiJ^irpa^ and other 

nouns derived from /xsr^sw, *' I measure," as also 

those derived from 'rrojl.scfj^ *' I sell," and rpi^u)^ " I 

rub." 

3. Some nouns of this deqlension have an irregular 
genitive in a, as o^vihSrjpag^ o^v/^o^j^^a, "; a bird-catcher." 
(See Rem. 1, Ex.'68.) 



98 



ArPENDIX. 



IRREGULAR NOUNS OF THE SECOND DECLENSION.— 
(See Ex. 69.) 

1. Contracted nouns (see Eem. 3, Ex. 69,) of this 
declension are declined thus • — 



Masculines and Feminines. 

voog^ the mind. 



Singular. 



Nom, 


voog^ 


vovg. 


Voc. 


vos, 


vov. 


Gen. 


voov^ 


vov. 


Dat. 


v6(fjj 


vSj. 


Ace, 


voov, 


voZv. 


N.V.A. 


v6m9 


vci. 


G.D. 


VOOIVj 


voiy. 


N.V. 


VOOlj 


voT, 


Gen. 


VOMV, 


mv. 


Dat. 


VOO/Cy 


voTg, 


Ace. 


voovg, 


vovg, 



Dual. 



Tlural. 



Neuters, 




rh 0(fTSOVy a 


bone. 


OtfTSOV, 


1(Stovv, 


OdTZOV^ 


o6.roZv, 


6(rrsov^ 


l6T0\J, 


h6TB(jk)j 


06t(jJ, 


l(tTSOVj 


h(STO\JV, 


0(fTSOJj 


067 c!j. 


l6Tsorj^ 


odToTv, 


IcfTsa, 


cxfra. 


o(STmv^ 


bcrrojv. 


h^rsoig^ 


offToTg, 


co'T'sa, 


IdTa, 



Some of the cases are occasionally found uncontracted. 

2. Nouns in wg and wv (see Rem. A, Ex. 69,) of this 
declension are declined thus : — 



Masculines and Feminines. 




Neuters. 


6 vi(t)g^ a temjple. 


TO dvojys 
Singular. 


(wv, an upper-room. 


N.V, vi(Jjg, 




dvuiyzm. 


Gen. viu). 




dvojyiM. 


Dat. vsSj, 




dvitjyscfj. 


Ace. vsoov. 


Dual. 


dvu)yscf)v. 


N.V. A. vi^. 




dvojyiu. 


G.D. ysS)v. 




dvdjysujv. 



APPENDIX. 99 

Flu7'aL 
Masculines and Feminines. Neuters. 

N.V. vscJ. dv(jiy%(ji. 

Gen, vsojv. dv(Jjyscfjv» 

Dat. vsQjg. dvojyscfjg. 

Ace. v^uig, dy(j}yi(f). 

3. Some masculine and feminine nouns of this declen- 
sion are neuter in the plural. Ex. — 

hi<ppog^ a chariot, rd hi<ppa. 

6 IpsT/jLog, an oar, rd Iper/xd. 

6 ds^/iog, a bond, rd ds(r/j,dy but sometimes o/ h(S[ioi, 

G Xv^vog^ a light, rd 'k\jyyd, 

h Zpyog-i a yoke, rd Z^vyd. 

6 iJ^oyXog^ a lever, rd i^oyXd and rohg [j^oyXo-og, 

b xuxXog, a circle, rd -/.v/Xd, 

6, 71 Taprapog^ the infernal region, rd Taprapd. 

6 r^ayrikog.) the neck, rd roayjfkd. 

71 TcsXsvhg, a way, rd xsKivda, and rdg KsXro&ovg. 

6 <^?rog, corn, rd 67ra. 

IRREGULAE IS'OUNS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION.— 
(See Ex. 72.) 

1. Nouns of this declension having f> or a vowel, 
other than /, o, u, before the genitive termination are 
declined thus : — 



Masculines. 


Feminines. 


Neuters. 


iJ^W^, T/fO/Og, 

a hero. 


the hand. 


ro ao^5 do^oi 
a sword. 


N.r. rigoig. 
Gen. rj^cijog. 
J) at. rj^M/. 
Ace. rj^Ma. 


Singular. 

X'k' 
X^igi, x¥' 

Dual. 


aopog. 

if 

aopi. 


N.V.A. ^'ews. 
G.D. Tt^ujoiv. 


XH'' 


do^otv. 



100 





APPENDIX, 






Flural. 




Masculines. 


Feminines. 


Neuters. 


N.V. rj^Msg. 


^"^1'- 


ao^a. 


Gen. Tj^dooov, 


^ii^Sjv, yjiuv. 


a6p(/)V. 


Dat, rj^c^(^{. 


%«'?«•'> %sf<y''- 


do^di. 


Ace. rj^Mocg. 


yjT^ag, yE^^cg. 


ao^a. 



The foregoing is the simplest form of the third declension, the 
case terminations being appended without change to the roots. 

2. Nouns that reject s (see Rem, 6, Ex, 72) are de- 
clined thus : — 



^aryj^y a fat 


her. 


Singular 


avT]^^ a man. 


Nom. 'irarrj^. 






av?j^. 


Voe, *7rdTs^. 






av2^. 


Gen. ^ocrepag, < 


Trar^og. 


avE^oSj dvh^og. 


Dat, TTccTs^i^ irar^i 


. 


dvi^/, avh^i. 


Ace. <irccTe^a. 




Btial 


dvegcc, avd^{x. 


N.V,A. ^ar^p. 






ave^Sj avd^s. 


G.D. ^are^oiv. 




riiiral 


dve^oiVj dvd^oTv. 


N.V. irare^zg. 






dve^sgj av^^s^. 


Gen. 'Trareoojv. 






dve^ooVy dvd^oov. 


Dat. ^aH^i66i^ 


'7rar^(k(ri. 


dvs^s(f(Jij dvd^dcfi. 


Ace. 'TTars^ag. 






d/i^agj avd^ag. 


3. Nouns in /g, vc 


? ^5 


genitive 


£Mg have some of the 


cases contracted (see 


Rem. 8, Ex. 


72), and are dechned 


thus : — 








Masculines. 




Feminines, 


Neuters. 


6 'jrriTcvg^ 




7] TToXig, 


TO a6TV. 


the elbow. 




a city. 

Singular. 


a city. 


Nom. 'TTTj^vg. 




^oKig. 


a<STi), 


Voc. '7tri')(y. 




^oXi. 


a<S7u. 


Gen. ^riy^iog^ sc^jg. 


'TToXiog^ scfjg. danog, fcag. 


Dat. 'TtYiyfi.^ St. 




"TToXl/^ 21. 


a6Ti)\ g/. 


Ace. 'TTYiyjo]/, 




'TTOAIV. 


U6T\). 







APPENDIX. 








Dual. 






Masculines. 


Feminines. 


Neuters. 


N.r.A. 


^yjXfs. 


•TOX/S, £S. 


ciffTSS, 


G.D. 


nrrr/ioiv. 


JPlural. 


a(S7'sOiv, 


N.F. 


^rr/i'-h s/r. 


c7o7./s;, eig. 


acrza^ -/j. 


Gen. 


c?j;^£:ov. 


'rroJJorj^ smv. 


ttfrrioiv. 


Dat. 


'jTyiX'Ci. 


^6Xi<rij s(ji. 


a67i6l. 


Ace. 


'irrr/icig, sig. 


croA/ac, s/g. 


acrsa, 7j, 



101 



4. Nouns having the genitive in so; from nominatives 
m '/jc, g;, or og, are contracted thus : — 



Masculines and Feminines. 

6 2w?c^66r7j;, Socrates, 



Neuters. 
70 oLvkg^ a flower. 



Nom» ^Cf}-/,pd77}g, avQog, 

Voc. '2u}7cpoi7sg, av^og. 

Gen. '2cfj'ycpd7srjg^ oug. avdsog, ovg. 

Dat. 2w/-^a7S/*, si. avh'/\ n. 

Ace. ^Ui%pd7ta^ >j. av^og. 
Dual. 

N.V.A. 2oj'x,pd7SB^ '/J. av^ss, yj. 

G.D. lt(f)KpoL7ioiv^ o7v. dvdsoiv, oni. 

Flural. 

N.V. 2or/,pd7isg, sig. av^sa^ tj. 

Gen. 2ai%f>ariwv, ojv, dvdsojv, oov, 

Dat. 2u)Xpd<ri. avk(St, 

Ace. 2oj'/.pd7sag, stg. oivha, yj. 

Neuters in eg take e in the genitive and hence the contraction. 
5. Nouns in tg -log and \jg -vog are declined thus ; — 

6 op/c, a serpent. 6 ^67p\jg^ a grajpe. 
Singular. 



Nam. ofig. 
Voc. o<pi. 
Gen. o(piog. 
Dat. 0^//*, op/. 
Ace. of /v. 



lS67pvg. 
I367pu: • 
f367p'jog, 

^rj7p\j)\ (367pl% 

I367pvv. 



102 







APPENDIX. 










Dual 






\F,A. 


o(pn. 




f36T^VS. 




G.D. 


o(f)iorj. 


Plural 


iSoT^VOiV, 




N.V. 


ofisg, 


l(fig. 


f^or^vsgy 


^or^ug. 


Gen. 


h(pi(t)v. 




[SoT^'JCfjV. 




Bat. 


OfKfl, 




f^dro'jei. 




Ace. 


Of tag ^ 


o<pig. 


iSoT^vag, 


jSor^vg. 



*'0<piQf however, and most nouns in ig -icg have likewise a geni- 
tive in sijjg, these are declined like the example given in § 3. 

6. Nouns in a-jg -aog and ovg -oog are declined thus: — 
7) vaxig^ a ship. 6, yj, ^ovg, an ox or cow* 

Singular, 



Nom. )ia\jg. 


^ovg. 


Voc. va\j. 


l3ou. 


Gen. vaog^ or n(^g. 


l36og (or /Sooc). 


Bat. vat. 


/3o/. 


Ace. vavv. 


jSovv. 


Dual 




N.V.A, mg. 


136s. 


G.D, vdoiv^ or vsoTv. 


[36oiv. 


Plural 




N.V. vasg, or vUg. 


Bosg. 


Gen. vaojVj or vsojv. 


jSoCfJV. 


* Bat. vavffi. 


3o\j(fi. 


Ace. vdag, va\jg. 


jSoag, [3o\Jg. 



7. Nouns of this declension in ag pure or ^a$ are de- 
clined thus :-— 

TO xs^ocg^ a horn. 



N.V.A. TiiPag. 

Gen. zs^arog^ xs^aog, or Tts^c^jg. 
Bat. Kspars, yJ^a/, or xioa^ 



APPENDIX. 103 

Dual. 
N.V.A, xs^ars, xi^af.^ or nz^a, 
G. D. zs^dcro/v, xepdoiVj or xe^uiv. 

FhcraL 
N.V,a4, nz^ara^ xs^aa, or %s^a. 
Gen. Ks^droov^ Ks^doov, or xs^cov. 
Dat, xs^arstrtT/, xs^ccs^rc/, or xzpatjt, 

8. Nouns of the third declension in w or wg are de- 
clined thus : — 

7] rixooj a sound. r} aldojg, shame. 

Singular. 

Norn. 7)xu). aldojg, 

Voc. yjxoT. a/doZ 

Gen. ri'/ioog^ ovg. aidoog^ ovg. 

Dat. 7jk6/\ oT. a}d6'/\ oT. 

Ace. 7]%6a^ w;. aJdSa^ w. 

The dual and plural of words of this form, when the significa- 
tion admits of any, are taken from nouns in og of the second de- 
clension. 

9. Many nouns of this declension form their oblique 
cases from some other nominative than that in use ; thus, 
'/vvri^ a woman, makes gen. yvvamog, dat. plu. yvvai^iy as 
if from a nominative ylvai^. 

IREEGULAE ADJECTIVES.— FIE^^T DECLENSION. — 

(See Ex. 77.) 

1. Adjectives of this declension that have two termi- 
nations only (see Rem. 3, Ex. 77), are declined thus : — 

65 ri d^dvdrog, rb dddvd.Tov^ immortal. 

Singular. 
Masc. and Fern. ^ Neiit. 

Nom. d&dvdrog. d^dvdrov. 

Voc, d&dvdTi. ddd,vdrov. 

Gen. ddavdrov. ddavdrov, 

Dat. ddavdroj. d^avarw. 

Ace, dOdvdrov. dl)dmrov„ . 



104 



2. 

thus 





APPENDIX. 






Dual 




Masc. and Fern. 




Neut. 


N.V*A. Mavdru), 




d&avdroj. 


G,D, d^avdroiv. 


Tlural 


d^CL)/droiV. 


N,V, a^avoiroi. 




d&dmra. 


Gen. d^ai/a-rwv. 




d^avdrMV. 


Dat, Mavdrotg* 




d^avdroig. 


Ace, d^avdrovg. 




d^dvdra. 


Those in wg (see 


Rem, 4, 


Ex. 77) are declined 


6, 7} sfj^'^'Xiug, TO sfL'TrXsMV, full. 




Singular, 




N,V, s/A'^rXgwg. 




i[jj'7rXiUiv. 


Gen, 'ifj^irXiOi. 




€fi*7rXscit) 


Dot, iiJ.'ir'ksu), 




SfJj'XXZfx) 


Ace, iii>m\im. 


Dual. 


'il^itXim. 


N,V.A, i^'TtXiCf}. 




g/Z/'TASW. 


G, D, siJi^'TrXsoj]/. 


FluraL 


g,a'zrXgwi/, 


N.V, sfjb^Xs(^j, 




%{j,'7rXi(f), 


Gen, l^'K'Xs(/)v, 




'if/j'TtXim. 


Dat, s[jj^Xiu)g, 




ifjj^Xsu)g, 


Ace. sfjj^Xsojg, 




s^TrXiCf). 



IRREGULAE ADJECTIVES.— SECOND DECLENSION.— 

(See Ex. 82.) 

1. Adjectives in /g, /, (see Rem. 3, Ex. 82,) are de- 
clined thus : — 

6, 7) s'j^d^ig. TO ixj-^dn^ gracious ^ joyouSy glad. 

Si^mlar, 
Nom. su-^d^ig. sv-^d^i. 

Gen. i.h')(d^Tog. ihyjL^rog. 

Dat, ihyjd^tTi. ihyd^trt. 

Ace, ivy^d^trcc or -^iv, s^%^f' • 



APPENDIX. 






Dual. 




Masc, and Fern. 




Nent 


N.F,A, ev^d^iTs. 




sv^d^Trs. 


G,D. sv^a^iroiv. 


[Flural 


sv^a^Irotv, 


N.V, sv^d^Trsg, 




sv^dpfroc. 


Gen, shya^irm. 




sv^a^ircfjv. 


Dat» ev^d^Icfi. 




ihyd^Jdi. 


Ace, sv^d^irag. 




ev'^d^ira. 



105 



2. Adjectives of this declension in ig have mostly the 
genitive in iTog, but some make the genitive in /dog ; as 
0, T} (piXoTTarpig^ to (piXo^arpi, gen, fiXo'irdrpthog^ " pa- 
triotic." Tig has the genitive in rivog^ and is decHned 
thus : — 



0, 7] rig. 


TO r/, a 

Singular. 


certain. 


N.V. rig. 




ri. 


Gen, Tivog, 




Tivdg. 


Bat, rm. 




TIU. 


Ace, T/vd, 


Dual. 


ri. 


\V,A. rivL 




Tin, 


G,D, rivm. 


Plural. 


TivoTv, 


N.V, Tivsg, 




Tivd. 


Gen. rivcfjv. 




'T/VOOV, 


Bat, ri(fL 




Tidi. 


Ace, rivdg. 




Tivd. 



Besides the signification '^ a certain," tIq is equivalent to somej 
any (see Eem. 1, Ex. 67). It is also an interrogative pronoun 
(see Rem. 3, Ex. 78). When used as an adjective tIq is an enclitic, 
but when used as a pronoun, it retains the accent, and the oblique 
cases take the acute on the first syllable. 

3. To this declension also belong compounds of ToDg, 
'irobog^ ** a foot/* as o, ri di'jroug^ to ^/Vouv, (/en, hi^obog 
ace. di'TTovv^ " biped ;" o, ri, ToA-jTroug, to -roXuTeuv, gen, 
'jroXu^odog, " many-footed." 



106 


APPENDIX. 




IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES.—THIRD DECLENSION.— 
(See Ex. 85.) 


1. Adjectives in 
are declined thus : 


a;, aiva^ av, (see 
(j^iXag^ black. 


Hem. 2, Ex. 85), 


Masc. 

Nom, /xsXag, 
Voc. ijjsXolv or ■ 
Gen, [J^sXdvog^ 
Dat. [hiXavi, 
Ace, [jjiXdva^ 


Singular, 
Fern. 
[jjsXaiva^ 
•ag, fjbsXaiv&,j 
f/jsXatvYig^ 
/jbsXahrj, 
fji^sXahaVy 

Hual. 


Neut. 
[/jiXav, 
(jAXclv, 
fjbsXdvog. 
fJbsXaivt, 
[/jiXav. 


N,V,A.[J.iXavi^ 
G.D. (jjzXdvoiv, 


fjbsXaim, 
fLsXcx,ivaiv^ 

Tlural. 


(jjiXdvz, 
/tisXdmk 


N.V, ///sXavgg, 
Gen, [jjiXdvm^ 
Dat, [jjiXd6i^ 
Ace, [jjsXdvag^ 


/jbsXaivaty 
/MXaivuVy 
/j^sXccivatgy 
(j^sXaivccg^ 


fisXdm, 
fjbsXdvotiv. 
tMsXa(^t. 
fjbsXdva. 


2. Adjectives in 
are declined thus :- 


. hig, h(S6a^ hv (see Rem. 2, Ex. 85), 




Xf^P'^'h graceful. 






Singular. 




Norn, %af/2/^, ^a^/gtro-a, 
Voc, ;)^af'/s/g or hv^ x^P'-^^^^j 
Gen. ;)(^a^/gi/ro;, x^P''^^^^^> 
Dat. ;/a/?/si/r/, x^P'^^^^h 
Ace. ;;^a^/2i^ra, x^P'^^^^^y 


XfX'pkv. 
Xccphv. 

X<^pkyrog, 

XtX'pkWi. 

Xccp^^v. 




Dual. 




N.V. A, ;^ap/£!/rg, 




yapihri. 
Xccpisvroiv. 





APPENDIX. 


] 




riural. 




Masc. 


Fem. 


Neut. 


N.V. x^^^^vrsg. 
Gen, "^a^isvTMv^ 
Dat, ya^is(^t, 
Ace, ya^nvrag. 


'ycc^h66CClj 

y^a^ii^cSaig^ 
ya^is(f (fag, 


yoL^iivra, 


3. The adjective 
clined thus : — 


TToig (see Rem. 2 


, Ex. 85) is ( 


'TTag, 


ntdcsoL^ fitdv, every, 


all. 


N,V. cra^, 


'KCL^a, 


ntdv. 


Gen. leoLvrdg^ 


craCTjg, 


(jtavrog. 


Dat, ^avTi^ 
Ace. 'TTOLvra^ 


^d(Sri, 
^a(fav, 

Dual. 


fjcavrU 
<7:dv. 


N,V,A. ^dvrsy 


-ratfa, 


irdvTi, 


G,D, 'TrdvrotVj 


^TrdtjatVj 
Flural 


^dvToiv, 


N,V, 'TrdvTsg, 


ita^ai, 


cravra. 


Gen. '^rdvrcavj 


nra(sZiv, 


'TcdvrcAiv. 


Dat. 'xa6ij 


itdtScLig, 


crac/. 


Ace. ntmrag^ 


'jtddag, 


fitdvra. 



107 



4. Contracted participles in wv (see Rem. 2, Ex. 85) 
are declined thus : — 

o/xa)v, (iZ(fcL, ovv, dwelling, living. 

Singular. 
N.V. o/'/iSMV {ojv), -sovffa {oZ(fa, -sov (^ovv). 

Gen, ohsovrog (oijvrog), -sov(fy]g (oio'jjg), -sovrog (oyvrog)* 
Dat. oJxsovTt (oDvr/), -zohtSri (^oh^ri), -sovrt (oDvr/), 

Ace. oJ'^sovra (oDvra), -sovcfocv {oZ^av), -sov [ovv), 

Duah 
N.V. A. oIksovts (oDvrg), -goutfa (oucra), -eovrs {ovvrs). 
G.D. olxiovToiv {ohvToiv), -iO'ixSoLiv (outfa/v), -sovroiv {obvroiv). 



108 



APPENDIX. 



Flural, 
Masc. Fern. Neut. 

N.V, o/KsovTsg (oDvrgg), 4ov(rai (ov(fa/), -sovra (ovvra). 

Gen. oixiovrcuv {ovvrojv), -zoxj^oov (ovc>ojv)^ -sSvrcov (ovvrm) 

Ace, otTisovrag {ouvrag)^ -soicrag (oicag), -sovra {ovvra), 

5. Participles in ng, u/a, og^ likewise belong to this 
declension, and are declined thus :— 

rBTv<pujg, vTa, 6g, having struck. 







bmgular. 




NT. 


rsrv(p(A}gj 


rsrvowa, 


rsrv(p6g. 


Gen. 


Tsrv(p6rog^ 


TSTV(pv/ag, 


rsTV(p6rog 


Dat, 


rirvq)6ri^ 


TSTV(DvIcc, 


rsTV(p6r/, 


Ace, 


rgrupoVa, 


Dual. 


rervf)6g. 


]S,F,A, 


rsrupoVs, 


TBTV(pvia^ 


nrvfoTS. 


G,D. 


rir\)(p6roiVj 


Flural. 


Tsrvforoiv 


NT, 


rtrvforsgj 


rsrvfvTai^ 


Tsrv(p6roc. 


Gen, 


rsrv(p6TCt)y^ 


TSTVfVIMV, 


Tsrv(p6rcfjv. 


Dat, 


rsToofocri, 


r£TV(pv{aig^ 


TBrv(p6(^t, 


Ace. 


nrvforagj 


Tsrv(pviag^ 


rsrvfora. 



6, Adjectives of one termination for all three genders 
(see Rem. 3, Ex. 85) are dechned like nouns of the third 
declension, Ex. — 

6, ?5j ^^ fj^dxa^^ blessed. 

Dual, Flural. 

Masc, Fern., and Neut. 



N,V, /idxa^. 
Gen. fidxa^og^ 
Dat, /j^dxd^ij 
Ace, /Adcxoc^a, 



N.V. A, /ubdzd^s, 
G,D. (jjaxd^oiv. 



N,V, /iidxoi^eg. 
Gen. /Jbaxd^Cfjv. 
Dat, fjjdxoi^ai. 
Ace. fhdocd^ag. 



Though. fxcLKap may be used with nouns of all genders, it is 
better to use with feminine and neuter nouns some other adjective 
of the fsame signification that has forms for these genders. 



APPENDIX. 



109 



ADJECTIYES.— COMPARISON.— (See Ex. 52 and 54.) 

1. The comparative is formed by adding rspog to the 
positive ; the superlative, by adding rarogy as /uLUTcap^ 
" blessed," fiaTtdpripog, /naxaprocTog. 

Those in og and vg drop the g before these terminations, as tV- 
SoKogf " glorious," kvdo^oTtpog^ evdo^orarog. 

When the penult vowel is short, o is changed into o>, as ^povifiogy 
** prudent/' ^povLfiMrepoc, (ppovifnoTarog. 

Adjectives in ag^ and rjg, annex the terminations to the 
neuter, as jisXagf ixkXaiva^ fisXaVf " black," fis\dvTspog, fisXdv- 
TaTog ; <7a(prjg, eg, " clear," aacpkarepog, (Tatperrrarog. 

Those in eig take earepog, eararogy as x^pieig, " graceful," 
j(^apd(Tr€pog, x^piicrrarog. 

Those in rjv and (ov annex ecTTspogf eGrarog to the neuter, as 
rw^pwv, oj/, " temperate," (Tio(ppov8aTepog, (Tiixppcvitrrarog f rkprjVy 
iv^ *' tender," repfWcrrEpog, repevEfrrarog. 

Most words in 4 take torapoy, iararog, as (3Xd^ (pXaKg), 
^^ ioolish " pXaKitTTepog, j3XaKi(7TaTog; dpTra^ {lipirayg), "rapa- 
cious," apTrayicFTepogs dpnayiGTarog, 

2. Some form the comparative by adding /wv, and the 
superlative by adding /Crog, as yXvTcvg^ " sweet," yXux/wv, 
yXvKkrog. Many of these, hov^rever, are likewise com- 
pared regularly, as yXvKvrs^og, yXvTthrarog, 

3. The following are irregular in one or both the de- 
grees : — 



Positive. 



ayadog^ good. 



TMjU^y bad. 



Comparative. 
\ x.ax,u)TS^og, 



Superlative. 

ci^KSrog. 
^sXriarog. 

x^aTidrog, 

'ku)6Tog. 

xdxKfrog, 
KaKojrarog, 

K 



110 



APPENDIX. 



Positive. 

voXvg, much. 



/jbiK^og^ little. 

zKayjjg^ small, < 
fjjiyag^ great. \ 

/xax^og, lo7ig. 

TtaXog^ heautifuL 
a/V;)^^o^5 shameful, 

oiKT^ogj miserable, 

oXiyog, few, 

'/(Tog, equal, 
\ahi(*ig^ easy. 



Comparative. 
'TrXsicfJv^ 

/Mix^ors^og, 

sXdc>(rMV^ 
sXct^iojv^ 




1 



hXtyidnpog, I 



Supedativo. 

'TrXsTsrog. 
[jjihrog, 
TJXKfrog, 
(jjiTt^orarog, 

iXdy^K^Tog, 

{jjiyidrog 

/Lodxtctrog, 

fjjTlXKSrog, 

xdXXt6Tog. 

(^[(Syj^Tog. 

ly^^idrog. 
'^X^poTarog, 

o'tZTK^TOg. 

hXiyi^rarog. 
hXiyt6Tog, 

idairarog. 

2^ai6rog, 



NOUNS.— ACCENTS.— (See Ex. 24.) 

1. The acute accent may stand on the last syllable 
(the ultima), on the last but one (the penultima), or on 
the last but two (the antepenultima) . It cannot, how- 
ever, stand on the antepenultima if the last syllable is 
long, hence arise the following general laws: — 

1. When the acute stands on the antepenult, and the last sylla- 
ble of the word is lengthened, the accent must be carried a 
syllable forward, Ex. : — 

Nom. dvOpioTTOQj a man. 
Gen. avQcuoTTov. 



APPENDIX, 111 

(2) Diphthongs are long, but at and oi, when final in nouns, are 
reckoned short unless followed by a consonant, Ex. : — 

iVbm. Sinff. avOpojuTog. 
Nom. Flu, dvOpcoTToi. 
Dat, Flu. avQp(jj7roig, 

(3) So when the last syllable of a word, having an acute on 
the penult, is shortened, the accent falls back, Ex. : — 

Nom. Masc. ev^aifi(jJVy happy. 
N'om. JVeut. tvdai^ov. 

2. The circumflex can only stand over the ultima or 
penultima, and as this accent is supposed to indicate some 
contraction it can only be placed upon a long vowel, hence 
the following general principles. 

(1) If the last syllable of a word is long, and the accent falla 
upon the penult, it will be acuted, as 'Aaid. But if the last 
syllable be short and the penult long, the word will be cir- 
cumflexed, as (TMfid. 

(2) So when a long penult is acuted, and the final syllable short- 
ened, the acute is changed into a circumflex. Ex, : — 

Kom. Sing. arpariioTrjg, a soldier. 
Voc. Sing. arrpariioTa. 
Nom, Flu. ffTpaTLoJTaL. 

(3) And vice versa, Ex. — 

Nom. Sing. TavpoQt a bull. 
Gen. Sing, tavpov. 
Gen. Flu. ravpujif. 

(4) Since a circumflex cannot stand over the antepenultima, the 
circumflex becomes an acute, when a word circumflexed on the 
penult takes an additional syllable, Ex. :— 

Nom. (Tojfia. 
Gen. awfiaroq. 

3. In declining the nouns the follov\ring special rules 
will have to be observed. 

(1) The genitive plural of the first declension has always a cir- 
cumflex on the final syllable, as al rjixepai^ nov rjfjLSpcjv. Ex- 
cept the feminine of adjectives in oc accented on the antepenult, 
as (iyiOQj *'holy,"/^m. ayia. ay'nov. 

(2) In words of the second declension, when an acute falls on the 
penult and the ultima is short, the accent remains unchanged 
through all the cases : Ex. to ^vXov, '• a wood," to, 4'i'Xa, 
Tujv ^vXvjv. 

K 2 



112 ArPENDIX, 

(3) In words of the first and second declensions, acuted on Wie 
last syllable, the circumflex takes the place of the acute in the 
genitive and dative singular, dual, and plural, as rtfi??, rt/xijt*, 
rt/x^, Tifiatv.f Tifialg. With the exception of the forms in ujg. 

(4) Monosyllabic nouns of the third declension take the accent 
on the final syllable of the genitive and dative of all the num- 
bers, as Kvijjv, Kvvog. The same transposition occurs in words 
syncopated, as dvrjpy dvdpogf and in yvvrj, yvvaiicogy yvvaiKif 
but y wot Keg, 

NOUNS— QUANTITY.-(See Ex. 24.) 
1. As regards the quantity of the doubtful vowels a, 
/, V, in nouns, the following general rules may be stated. 

One vowel before another is short, as in dypXog, "a field/' 
There are, however, some exceptions to this rule, as for ex- 
ample in 'AyrjaiXdoQ. 

A vowel before two consonants, or one of the doubles, is long, 
as in dyaXfia^ ^' an ornament.'' Under such circumstances 
the vowel is said to be long by position. 
Before some combinations of consonants, however, as /cX, 
the vowel may continue short, e. g, OefjLKTTdicXrjg. 

A contracted vowel, or a vowel under the circumflex accent, is 
long, as in Opg^Kyjg, TiTdvog^ gen. of Tirdv. 

In derivatives the vowels generally have the same quantity as in 
the primitives, e, g. Tiixr]^ '* honour," arlfiog, *' dishonoured." 

In some words the vowels are sometimes short and sometimes 
long, as in the verse rd fjnij KccXd KoXd 7:k<pavTaiy *' the bril- 
liant deeds have not appeared brilliant.'* 

Comparatives in twj/, as KaKiojv, ** worse," have the * long in the 
Attic dialect and short in all the others. 

When the penult syllable of a word is circumflexed the last syl- 
lable is short, as in fiovad^ " a song ;" when the penult is 
acuted the final syllable is long, as in wpa, ** an hour." 

2. First Declension. 

The termination a, gen. rig, is always short, as in r/oaTrt^a, " a 
table." 

The termination a, gen. ag^ is mostly long, as in x«pa» " joy.** 

The termination a of dissyllables in fia is long, as in X|0^*«> 
** want," but short in dissyllables as dXrfOndy " truth;'* except 
derivatives from verbs asTropeia, "a journey," from 7retpa>, " I 
pierce." So (SauiXeid, "a queen," from ^amXtvg^ "a king,*' 
but paaiXiidt *'a kingdom," from ^aaiXiVM^ "I rule." 

Polysyllables in oia have likewise the a commonly short, e. g. 
avoids '^ madness." 



APPENDIX. 113 

So feminine appellatives of more than two syllables, as in 
TToirfTpid, *' poetry;" and the feminine adjective Trdrvid, "re- 
vered." 

In the termination ag of the gen. sing, and ace. plu. the a is 
always long, e. g. "n^ipa, " a day," rjfjispdg. 

The ace. sing, in av follows the nominative, as in TaiildQ^ " a 
steward," ace. Ta^idv\ fxavad^ ace. fiovaav. 

In the dative, singular, and dual, a final is always long : Ex. ry 
rjfisp^, no veaviq^. The dual of the feminine article has like- 
wise the a long. 

In the vocative, nouns in ag have the a long, but nouns in tjg 
have the a short, e.g. veaviag^ " a youth," voc. vtavid; KpiTrjgj 
" a judge," Kpira, 

3. Second Declension. 

Adjectives in oc pure or poc accented on the antepenult, have 
the termination a of the feminine long, as in liyiog, **holy,'* 
fem. ay id. 

4. Third Declension. 

The last syllable of nominative has generally the same quantity 

as the penult of genitive, Ex. — rpavixd, Tpavfidrogj " a 

wound," KYiXig^ KrjXlSogy "a freckle," Kopvg, KopvOog, "a 

helmet.'* 
The terminations of the cases in a, ag, and t, are always short, 

e. g. Xswj/, " a lion," XkovrX^ Xiovra^ Xkovrdg^ Xsovat. But 

in nouns in evq and mostly in those in icXrjg, the ace. eay with 

a few exceptions, has the a long, Ex. /SacnXevg, ace, ^aaiXid^ 

*RpaKXiig, " Hercules,'' ace. ^RpaKXsd. 
The dative plurals of syncopated nouns have the a short, as in 

Trarpdffi, dvdpaGi, ixrjTpd(n. 
Genitives in avog, ivog, vvog (except fxkXdvog, ToXdvog,) have 

always the penult long, e. g, naiaVf Traiavog^ "a hymn in 

praise of Apollo," deXcpiv, deXtplvog, "a dolphin." 
Nouns that have og pure in the genitive (except ypaog, from 

ypavg) have the penult short, as in o(f)ig, o^tof, "a serpent." 
Neuter nouns in re, ag^ ap have a in the penult of genitive short, 

as aCjfJia, (TcjjJLdrog, 'Uhe body," /cpsag, Kpedrog, "flesh," 

vsKrapy vkKTcipogy "nectar," 
So have masculine and feminine nouns in ag^ as in JlaXXa^, 

IlaXXa^oC) * Minerva." 
Likewise nouns in ^, and generally those in ^, as dpa-ij/i dpdfSogf 

"an Arab," KoXat, KoXatcog, " a flatterer." 
Also masculines and feminines in ap (except ^ap), as ficiKap, 

fidKupoq, "blessed." 

K 3 



lU 



APPENDIX. 



Neuter nouns have i in the increment of the genitive short, Ex. 

fiiXij fisXiToQj " honey/* 
Also feminines and masculines, that are not accented on the last 

syllable, in idog and iro^, as "Epig, "Epldog, " the Goddess of 

Discord." 
So ferainines in iSog accented on final syllable, as irarpigy Tra- 

TpXSoQj " one's country/' 
Most nouns in vp have v short in the penult of genitive, as 

fidprvpy fidprvpogj "a witness.'* 



CONJUGATION OF THE VERB. 



The verbs vary in termination to indicate Time, Mood, 
and Person, thus : — 



Xiw, I loose. 




ACTIVE VOICE. 




Indicative Mood. 




Present Tense. 


Imperfect. 
I loosed or 


Future. 


I loose. 


was loosing. 


/ will loose 


^CUt P. Xi c,, 


IX'o ovj 


XJ (SO). 


|*<( 2nd. Xv ug, 


sXu gg. 


Xx) (Tsig. 


iX'o s, 


Xv (Sit. 


i^ flsL Xu 0/A2V, 


hX\) o(JjZV^ 


X\j aofj^sv. 


^< 2nd. Xv srs, 


IXv 27-2, 


X'j (Ssrs. 


P l^Srd. X{) o'j(ri, 


iXv ov, 


Xv 60\)6l. 


tJ r 2nd, X'j sTov, 


sX'j STOV, 


XJ (Tsrov. 


t\3rd. X'j STov, 


SXV STTjV, 


Xu (TSTOV, 


Aorist. 


Perfect. 


Pluperfect. 


I loosed. 


/ have loosed. 


I had loosed. 


f Ist P. 'iXv (Ta, 


XsXv ;ca, 


IXsXv TiStV. 


< 2nd. iXu (fag. 


XsX'j Tcag, 


sXsXJ Tiitg, 


\^3rd. sXv tf^s, 


XiX'j ;t2, 


sXiXJ Tin. 



APPENDIX. 



115 



Aorist. 
^< 2nd. gXii (Tars, 



t^ / 2nd. 
?- 1 3r J. 






Perfect. 
XsXv zdfjjsv, 
XsXv Koirs^ 
XsXxj %d6ij 

XsXx) xdroVj 
XsXv xdrovy 



Present. 

loose. 
cc r 2nd P. Xv g, 
cp \ 3rd. Xv sTCfj, 



F I 3rd. 
p- 1 3rd. 



XV STSj 

Xv srwcav, 

X'J STOV^ 

Xv STMV, 



Present. 
I may loose. 



Impeeative Mood. 

Aorist. 
have loosed. 

Xv 6ov^ 
Xv (sdr(fiy 

Xv cars, 
Xv 6dT0)6av. 

Xv (^droVj 
Xv (Sdrc/jv. 

SuBJTJKCTivE Mood. 
Aorist. 



5^< 2nd. 

^ r 1st. 

^< 2nd. 
P\3rd. 

^j2nd. 
p 1 3rd. 



Xv w, 

Xv 71^ 

Xv M/Ji^sVj 

Xv Tjrs, 

Xu >jroi/, 



Xv (fou, 

Xv (Tjjg, 

Xu (r?3, 

Xu cco/^gVj 

Xu (TTjrg, 

Xu (TWC/, 

Xu 6riroVy 

Xv (TriroVj 

Optative Mood. 



Present. 
I might loose. 
^ f 1st P, Xv ot/j,/, 
|*<^ 2nd. Xv 0/^, 
[^3rd, Xv 01, 



Pluperfect, 

iXsXv Xil/JLSV, 
sXsXv KSlTi. 

sXsXv Tiiidav* 

eXiXv KsiTov. 
IXeXv Ttiirriv, 



Perfect. 
have loosed. 

XsXv Ke. 

XsXv Ksrcf). 

XsXv %srs. 

XsXv %iT(fi(Sa>i. 

XsXv TiiTOV. 
XsXv KSTOJV, 

Perfect. 

XsXii xco. 
XsXv Tcrjg. 

XsXv XT}. 

XsXv xcijfjbsv, 

XsXv XY^TS. 

XsJ.v Tio^di. 

XsXv xrirov, 
XsX'- xrjTov, 

Future. 
would loose* 

Xv (TOifMi, 

Xv cfotg, 
Xv (TOl, 



116 



APPEJ^DIX. 



Present. 

)~^ f 1st P. Xv 01(Jj2V^ 

^ I 2nd, XJ oin^ 
r" [^3rc?. Xii o/sv, 
'^ j 2nd, Xi) 017 ov J 
p. 1^ ^rd, Xv oirTjVj 
Aorist. 
f 1st P, Xv (^atfjbi, 
5< 2nd, 



ISrd, 
2 fist. 
n < 2nd. 
^ISrd. 

2nd. 

3rd. 



Xu 6ai7i^ 

Xv datTOVj 
Xxi (Sairriv^ 



Future. 

Xu <SOl[MV^ 

X\) (foirs, 
X'J (To/sv. 
Xv (Soirov, 
X'J 6oiT7iV, 

Perfect. 
X?Xu xoifLi, 
XsX'j Ko/g, 
XsX'j xoi, 

XsXv KOlfLiV, 
XsXu XOITS, 

XsXv %oisv. 
XsXu zoirov. 
XsXv xoiryjv. 



Infinitive ^ Mood. 

Present Tense, Xv nv, to loose. 

Future „ X-j (rs/i/, about to loose. 

Aorist 5, Xv (Ta/, to have loosed. 

Perfect „ XsXv xsvaij to have loosed. 

Pakticiples. 



Masc. 

Pi^esent Tense, Xv ojv, 
Future 5, XiJ (SCfjv, 
Aorist „ Xv (Tag, 

Perfect „ XsXd xgj^, 



Fern. Neut. 

'Ovda, 'Ov, loosing. 

-cou^roc, -cov, about loosing. 

-cdctra, -cai/, having loosed. 

'XvTa, -JcoV, having loosed. 



These are declined like adjectives of 3rd declension. 



PASSIVE VOICE. 

Indicative Mood. 

Present Tense. Imperfect. 

I am loosed, I was loosed. 

1st P. Xu o/Jba/j iXv o/ubrjv, 

2nd. Xv yj, \Xv ov, 

3rd. X'J sra/, iXv iro. 



APPENDIX. 



117 



Present. 



1*^ P. 

2nd, 

3rd. 

1st, 

27id, 

3rd. 



Xv O/JjSdoVf 

Xu sc^ov, 
Xu s(Shv, 



Future. 
I will be loosed, 
( \st P. Xv j^^tfp/xa/^. 
} 2nd, Xu dy}(^^i' 
( 3?'d, Xv drjffsraiy 
{ 1st, Xv ^?5(ro/>£/S^a, 
( 2nd, Xv &ri6i(sk^ 
( 3rd. Xv d'/}(SovTaiy 

!lst, Xv Qri(i6[iikv^ 
2nd. Xv k/]6i6kv^ 
3rd, Xv d7)(fi(fdoVy 



Imperfect. 
iXv 6/Meda. 
sXv idk, 
kXv ovro. 
sXv 6/Msdov. 
sXv s<rkv. 
eXv gc^Tjv. 

Aorist. 
1 was loosed. 

IXv hiv. 

iXv dyjg, 
iXv dv}. 

iXv k/i(JjiV. 

sXv ^rjTS^ 

y^V Q7l<S0LV, 

IXv drirov, 
sXv dyjTrjv. 



Perfect. Pluperfect. Paulo Post Future. 
I had been loosed. I will have been loosed^ 

1st P. XsXv ///«/, sXsXv [jjYiVy XsXv cofLai. 

2nd, XsXv Ca/, eXsXv (To, XsXv (f/j. 

3rd. XsXv ra/, sXsXv ro^ XsXv dsrai, 

1st. XsXv /ubsda, sXsXv /ubsda^ XsXv (fofisda. 

2nd. XsXv c^s, sXsXv crdsj XsXv (Ssak. 

3rd. XsXv vrai^ \7^sXv vro^ ,XsXv (Sovrai. 

\st. XsXv (jjskv^ sTksXv f/jsdov^ XsXv ffofLsdov. 

2nd. XsXv (f&ovj sXsXv cdoVy XsXv tfsc^ov. 

3rd. XsXv (Shv^ sXsXv (T^/jv, XsXu dsishv. 



m 

5' 



Present Tense, 
be loosed, 
i 2nd P, Xv oy, 
] 3rd, Xv sc^w, 



Imperative Mood. 

Aorist. 
be loosed, 
Xv 6riri^ 
Xv dyjTOjj 



Perfect. 
be loosed. 

XsXv Co. 
XsXv tf^w. 



11 


8 




APPENDIX. 






Present Tense. 


Aorist. 


Perfect. 




r 2w^ P. Xu gc^s, 


Xv drjTs^ 
Xv &7]r(^<sav^ 


XsXv (fds. 
XsXv <sQc*i6a\i 






X'j g(r^ov, 


Xv ^TjTOV^ 

Xv dyjTMv^ 


XsXv (fOov. 
XsXv 6Qm. 






Subjunctive Mood. 






Present Tense. 


Aorist. 


Perfect. 




I may 


be loosed. 








f l5^ P. 
( 2nd. 


Xv 7}, 
X6 TtTai, 


Xv doj, 
Xv &fig, 
Xv ^Pj 


XsXvfjbsvog H. 
XeXvjUbswg fig. 
XsXvfMsvog ^. 




ri5t 

^ 2nd, 


XU W/jJ/S^OC, 

Xv y}(fh, 
Xv Cfjvraty 


Xv $CO/J!.SVj 

Xv 6riTS^ 

Xv &cij6t^ 


XsXvfjbsvoi w/Asv. 

XsXvfJbSVOl ^TS. 
XsXvfLSVOl U)6l. 




(Ut. 
{ 2nd. 
L3r^. 


X'j dofjbsdov^ 
Xv ^jc^ov, 

X6 7}(S0oVj 


Xv driTOv^ 
Xv ^yjTov, 


XiXv/Msvot) rjTov, 
XiXvfMVCfj Tjrov. 






Optatiye Mood, 






Present Tense. 


Future. 


Aorist. 


J Twi^A^ ^ 


be loosed. 








r i5i p. 

[3rd. 


, Xv 01[JjYIV^ 

Xv 010^ 

Xv oiro^ 


Xv ^yj(foi/ut.yjVy 
Xv drj(^oio, 
Xv ^7i6oiro^ 


Xv kiriv. 
Xv kiYig. 
Xv h/rj. 




<^ 2nd. 

i:^rd. 


Xv O/fJjS&CC, 

Xv oiffOs^ 
Xv oivro^ 


Xv Qri6oi[Jji&a^ 
Xv ^7j(roiG>hy 
Xv drjffoivro^ 


Xv ^s/rjfjbsv. 
Xv ^sirjTS, 
Xv &iiri(Sav, 




fUtP 
{ 2nd. 
ISrd, 


. Xv Oi/JjSdoVj 

Xv oi(Sdov^ 

Xv O/V^TJV, 


Xv dri(fo//jbshv^ 
Xv d7]c>oi(S^ovj 
Xv ^y}6oici9r,Vj 


>•» kirirov. 
Xv tlsi7]rrtV. 



APPENDIX. 



119 



Perfect 

/Ist P. XiXvfJbsvog si'/jv^ 

2ad, XsX'j^svog sirig, 

XsXvfjbsvog siyjy 



'' ISrd. 

,fUt. 
^<{ 2nd. 
^{Srd. 

^ ( 1.^. 

2nd, 

^ > 3rd. 



XsXvfJbsvoi st'/j/xsi/, 



XiXvfJ^SVOJ 

XsXv/j^svCfj 



Sterol/, 



Paulo Post Future. 

XsX'J C)0/f/l,Yl\i, 
XsX'J 6010, 

XsXv (jotro, 

XbXv (^o//ubsdcc, 
XsXu (foi()h, 

XsX'J 601)170, 

XsXu 60ifJLsd0V, 
XsX'J 6016^0]^, 

XiXu 6oi6^r)v, 



Present Tense. 
Future, 
Aorist, 
Perfect, 



Infij^^itive Mood. 



X\j z6&cii^ 
Xv QYi6i6&ai^ 
Xv ^Yjvaiy 
XsXu 6&ai^ 



to be loosed, 
about to be loosed, 
to have been loosed, 
to have been loosed. 



Second Future, XsXu 6i6&at. about to be loosed. 



Participles. 

Present, Xv o/ji^svog, -^1^ -ov^ being loosed. 

Future, Xv dri66iJ.svog^ -ri, oi/, about being loosed. 

Aorist, Xv kig^ -k76a^ -^sv, loosed. 

Perfect. X%>:u /asvoc, -?j, -ov, having been loosed, 

P. P. Future, XsXv co/z/si/o^, -rj, -ov, about being loosed. 



MIDDLE VOICE. 
Indicative Mood. Imperative Mood. 

Future. Aorist. Aorist. 

7 will loose myself. I loosed myself loose thyself, 
( 1*^ P. X'j 6o[Mai^ \Xv 6aihYiv, 



2nd. 


XU ^Tjy 


sXu 60J, 


Xu ca/. 


3rd. 


Xu Csra/, 


kXii (faro. 


Xv 6dts&(f», 



120 



APPET^DIX. 




g < 2nd. 
^ ISrd. 



Ind. Future. 

Xu (^OVTOCl^ 

Xv <ro///S^ot/, 

Xv (Si(SQo]>^ 

Xv csc^oi/. 



Subjunctive Mood. 
Aorist. 
1st P. Xv (Soiihai. 



aq I 



3rd. 

1st. 
2nd. 
P f Srd. 



XlJ 671, 

Xv 67irai, 
Xv (Tojfjbsda. 

Xv 67l6k. 

Xv 6ojvrai. 

1st. Xv (TujfLshv. 
2nd. Xv 6ri6kv. 
Srd. Xv 67i(rdov. 



Aorist. 
IXv (Sd/m^sda. 
eXv 6a(Sk. 
IXv cavTo. 

sXv (jdfjusOov, 
iXv oaffdov. 
sXv (fdff^Tjv, 

Optative 

Future. 
Xv ^oifjbr^v^ 
Xv (foio^ 

Xv coZ/jJ-s^a, 
Xv 60l6k^ 

Xv 60lVT0^ 

Xv (foifj^skvj 
Xv cfoidhvj 
Xv 6oi6&riV^ 



Imp. Aorist. 

Xv (Sack. 
Xv 6d<sQoii(SOLV» 

Xv (Sa6kv. 
Xv (fd^&Cfjv. 



Mood. 

Aorist. 

Xv ^aifLfjv. 
Xv 6aio. 
Xv Cairo. 

Xv (i€ti[jji6oc. 
Xv Catck. 
Xv caivro, 

Xv cai/j^skv. 
Xv CoLidkv. 
Xv (Saic&Yiv. 



Infinitive Mood. 

Future. Xv csc^a/, about to loose one's self. 
Aorist* Xv (Sac^at. to have loosed one's self. 



Participles. 

Future. Xv (i6[j.zvog^ -ri-^ -ov, about loosing one's self. 
Aorist. Xv cd/j^svog, -^, -ov, having loosed one's self. 

With the exception of the Future and Aorist Tenses, 
the forms of this Voice are precisely the same as those 
of the Passive. 



APPENDIX. 121 

REMAEKS ON THE CONJUGATION OF THE 
VERB. 

1. It will be observed on referring to the table, that 
the Imperfect and Aorist tenses have an g prefixed, this 
is termed the Syllabic Augment. In verbs that begin 
with a vowel, no letter is added, but the initial vowel of 
the verb itself is lengthened : a and s are changed into 
>j, — into w, — ai into ri, — oi into w, — au into r^xj ; this is 
termed the Temporal Augment, The long vowels 75, w ; 
the doubtfuls, /, ; and the diphthongs g/, su, oli, remain 
unchanged, verbs beginning with these letters having no 
augment. The syllabic augment only occurs in the in- 
dicative, the temporal runs through all the moods. 

2. It will likewise be observed from the table, that in 
the perfect tenses, the augment s is preceded by the 
first consonant of the root, this is termed Reduplication, 
and only occurs when the verb begins with a consonant. 

3. When the root of the verb ends in a consonant and 
the termination representing the mood, tense or person 
begins with a vowel, no change takes place in uniting 
them, except that when the root ends in two simple con- 
sonants one is generally dropped ; as BdXovrsg from 
BccXXw, I throw. 

4. When however the root ends in a consonant and 
the sufi[ix begins with one, the following euphonic 
changes arise : — 

(a) If the suflix begins with c, and the root of the verb 
ends with a dental,^' the dental is dropped, but when the 
root ends with a labial or guttural, one of the doubles -vj/ 
or § is produced ; that is, if in the present the root ends 
in /3, 'T or <p, the verb will have -vj^ in the future and 

* The nine consonants termed mutes are divided into three 
classes, thus : — 

Labials, /3, tt, ^. 
Gutturals, y, /c, x- 
Dentals, ^, r, 9, 

1 



122 



APPENDIX. 



aorist ; if in r, d or d, these letters are thrown out, as in 
TBp'Traj, I delight, fut. rsp-\\,M ; <rXg%w, / fold, fut. "^rXs^ca ; 
ad(^, I sing, fat. aVw. 

So when r follows 'tt in the root of the present, cr alone 
appears in the root of the future and aorist, as rv'Trrco, I 
strike, fut. ru-vj/w [rv^-(rM), 

(b) If the suffix begins with an aspirate^* and the 
root ends with a labial or guttural, the latter is 
changed into the corresponding aspirate; but, if the 
final root consonant is a dental, it becomes (T; hence, 
a root ending in the future or aorist active with (3 or ^tt 
will have p^, in the future and aorist passive, if ending 
with y or x, will have ^9, and if with a dental, will have 
(T, ex. T'j^TM, aor. pass, srixp^riv ; Xe^w, / say, aor. pass, 
JXtp^^Tji' ; '^ii^ojj I persuade s^sid^riv, 

(c) If the suffix begins with x and the root ends with 
a labial or guttural, x is replaced by changing the final 
consonant into a letter of corresponding power : thus, 
Kvoj has Xvcroj in the future and XeXvxa in the perfect ; but 
a verb having -vjy in the future has p in the perfect, ^pro- 
duces ;i^, and (T makes x, as rv^roo, fut. rv-^Cfj, perf. 
TeTv(pc^ ; t^ty(ji, fut. Xe^w, perf. Xf Xg;!^a ; a,h(fi^ aaw, rixa, 

(c?) When the suffix begins with /x., the final consonant 
of the root, if a labial, is changed into />£/, if a guttural, 
into y, and if a dental it makes 6 ; so that a perfect active 
in (poL produces a perfect passive in /x/^ca/ ; ^a becomes 
yijjCLi, and xoc (if of a verb in ^co, rw or ^w) becomes (T/xa/, 
ex. rv'TTTca, perf. act. Ttrv(pa, perf. pass. rerv/ub/Mcci ; rdscc^)^ 
I set in order^ rtVap^a, Terayfjjat ; os^w, ?jko6, yi^oiloli. 

{e) Verbs in -Xoj, -^aa>, -vw, -f^w make the future by 
simply changing (ji of the present into w, as CreXXw, / 
5^Wf^, fut. crsXw, and generally the four liquids unite 
readily with the other consonants. f 

* The mutes are likewise (listinguisked by degree, thus : — 

Softs, /3, 7, ^. 

Hards, TT, K, r. 

Jlkspirates, 0, ;;^, 0. 
t The union of consonants, whetlier as regards the tenses of 



APPENDIX. 



123 



(/) The following table will illustrate at one view the 
foregoing remarks : — 



Active Voice. 
Present. Future. Perfect. 
u) pure,* (Tw, xa, 

w pure 1 
^w, rw, &(/j^ ^w, > (Tw, xa, 
{iSdc/j rare.) J 

7W, ?cw, ;)/w, 
(gw rare.) 



Passive Voice. 
Perfect. Future. 1st Aorist, 



f'W, 






4. In combining the root with the tense termina- 
tions, verbs in aw, gw and ow generally change the short 
vowel into the corresponding long. In the present and 
imperfect tenses the following modifications likewise 
occur : — 

verbs, ttie case terminations or other inflexions of the language, is> 
governed by the following general principles : — 

(1.) When one mute follows another, both must be of the same 
degree. 

(2.) Two successive syllables rarely begin with an aspirate, 

(3.) The liquid /x almost always precedes a labial, but a labial 
never precedes /z. 

(4.) The liquid v has an affinity for dentals. 

(5.) When a mute, and o- occur together, both letters are resolved 
into one or other of the doubles, ^, t or Z,- 

* A vowel is said to be pwe when it is preceded by another 
vowel or by the consonant p. 

L 2 



124 APPENDIX, 

(a) When the termination begins with a vowel, or 
diphthong, verbs in 2 generally drop the g, but se becomes 
if and so makes ov. 

{b) Verbs in aoj change ao, ccw, aovy into w ; aoi into 
oj ; 062, arj into a ; ag/, cc;^ into oc. 

((?) Verbs in ow change 02, 00, oou into ou ; or) ow into 
w ; — o?5, 02/, 001 into 0/ ; and in the infinitive oeiv into ovv. 

5. There are a class of verbs that have the first person 
present indicative in /JjI, these are formed from primitives 
in soj, aw, ow, voo ; first, by changing w into /^/ and length- 
ening the preceding vowel, and then by prefixing the 
first consonant (or if an aspirate its simple) with /, as 3ow, 
didajfjt^t, I give, ^ew, rldyj/u^ij I place. The forms of the 
verbs in /^/ only difier from those in w in the construction 
of the aorist and perfect tenses. 

6. Some compound verbs have a second aorist tense, 
which is usually derived from the primitive: thus, Xa/^/3avw, 
/ take, has a second aorist sXd(3ov from the primitive XtjjSc^ 
obsolete. The second aorist indicative is conjugated 
like the imperfect, as gXa/Sov, -2^, -2, the second aorist of 
the other moods have the terminations of the present. 
Verbs that have a second commonly want the first aorist. 

7. The third person plu. perf. act. and the participle 
in ao'a have the penult long, as XgXuzatf/, Xiia'aa'a, in 
other terminations the doubtful penult vowels are gene- 
rally short. 

The foregoing remarks are designed merely to give 
the learner a general view of the inflexions of the Greek 
verb. In the second course the matters here referred to 
will be treated more in detail. 



APPENDIX. 



125 



PREPOSITIONS. 

There are eighteen prepositions which govern certain 
cases of the nouns, thus : — 

(1) Governing Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. 

with a gen.), of, about, relative to. 
^spi ^ (^with a dat.), to (without motion), 
with an ace), around, towards, 
with a gen.), upon, on account of, 
a[jj(pi <^ (with a dat.), on, about. 
with an ace), around. 

with a gen.), by, with, into (without motion), 
with a dat.), on, at^ on account of. 
with an ace), to, into (with motion), 
with a gen,), from, by, with. 
^with a dat.), at, beside, near. 
L (with an ace), towards, to (with motion), 
with a gen.), from, by, near, 
with a dat), near, at, in. 
with an ace), to, towards, for. 
f (with a gen.), by, under, through. 
v^o < (with a dat.), from^ because of for. 



^apa 



r^og 



{ 



L (with an ace), beneath, about, to. 



(2) Governing 

5 , r (with a sren. 
L (with an ace 

Kara I ^"^'^^ ^ ^^^' 
\ (with an ace 

.^, r (with a gen. 

"^ ' " 1 (^^ith an ace 

^ , f (with a gen, 

^^ ' \ (with an ace 



the Genitive or Accusative. 

), by J betweeii, through. 
), through, on account of 
), down, on, in, under. 
), by, as to, according to, 
), above, for the sake of 
,), beyond, over. 
,), ivith, towards. 
), after, into, against. 
L 3 



126 APPENDIX. 

(3) Governing the Genitive. 

h (before a consonant), ) ^ ^ 

Ig (before a vowel), j "/' Z'"'"^- 

a'To, 6y, through, on, from. 

'TT^S, before, for. 

dvTi, against, instead of opposite, 

(4) Governing the Dative. 
sv, in, into, at. cruvy with, agreeably to. 

(5) Governing the Accusative. 
£/;, within, to, into, amongst, ava, upon, hy, according to* 

Eem. 1. — The prepositions are much used in the formation of 
compound words, as 7rpo(5d\Xio, I put before^ or i prefer ; from 
i8dX\(i>, I throw^ or I put. Two, or even three prepositions may 
be prefixed in this way to a simple verb. 

When a preposition enters into the composition of a word, its 
final consonant is generally dropped. Verbs beginning with p take 
a second between the preposition and the root. The v of Iv is 
changed into \i before labial consonants, into y before gutturals, 
and into \ before a word beginning with that letter. Before a the 
consonant Z, is either dropped or changed into c, and becomes p be- 
fore another p. The v of (^vv is subject to the same changes as 
the V of Iv. The vowels of 7rf pi and Trpo are generally preserved, 
but that of a/i0i is usually dropped. 

2. Besides the prepositions, the following particles are used in 
modifying the meaning of verbs : — 

a privative, gives an opposite meaning to the primitive signi- 
fication of a word, Tt/iJ7, honour^ arifiia, dishonour. 
dvQ, expresses an attribute of evil. 
tv, denotes a good attribute, 
ftpi, epi, /3ov, /3ptj daj ^a, strengthen the force of the root. 



ENGLISH INDEX. 







Ahbr 


eviations. 


. 


adv. 


Adverb 




inf. 


Infinitive mood 


aux. 


Auxiliary 




pers. 


Person 


camp 


. Comparative degree 




plu. 


Plural 


conj. 


Conjunction 




'pron. 


Pronoun 


dat. 


Dative case 




rel. 


Relative 


dem. 


Demonstrative 




rem. 


Remark 


M- 


Future tense 




sing. 


Singular 


gen. 


Genitive case 




super 


. Superlative degree 



The Isrumlers refer lo the Exercises y not to the Pages. 



A, 1 

Able, 94 
Abounding, 75 
About, 86, 91, 96 
(sign of fut.) 

103 
Absent, 106 
Abundant, 43, 75 
Accomplish, 101 
Accomplished, 86 
Accordingly, 88 
According to, 60 
Account, 101 
Accumulated, 79 
Accurate, 84 
Act, 22, 74, 
Active, J 4, 87 
Actor, 80 
Addressed, 99 
Admirable, 79 
Adriatic, 94 
Advancing, 83 
Adversary, 104 
-^schylus, 31 
-SEsop, 106 
Affair, 74, 99 (rem.) 
After, 70, 75 
the manner 

of, 94 
Again, 96, 106 
Against, 73, lOl 
Agathocled, 106 
Age, 74 



Agesilaus, 86 
Agreeable, 35 
Agreed, 99 
Agrippa, 106 
Alcibiades, 68 
Alexander, 31 
All, 39, 73, 75. 78, 

83, 85, 86, 99 
Ally. 71 
Alms, 106 
Alone. 65. 77y 106 
Already, 98 
Alwavs, 91 
Am, 39 

(aux.),]03, 106 

Anchor, 96 
And, 12, 94 
Anemone, 36 
Angel, 94 
Anger, 78, 80 
Animal, 40 
Another, 90 (rem.) 
Any, &7, 84 
Apelles, 47 
Apiece, 94 
Apostle, 94 
Appeared, 62 
Apple, 71 
Appointed, 73 
Approach, 96 
Approaching, 83 
Are. !5, 70, 103, 

104 



Argive, 71 
Aribazus, 71 
Arid, 73, 79 
Aristides, 106 
Army, 68 
Arrived, 86, 96 
Art, 15, 103 
Artaxerxes, 68 
As, 62, 91. 99 

to, 83 

Ascended, 88 
Asia, %Q 
Asked, 106 
Aspect, 74 
Assiduous, 84 
Assyrian, 46, QQ. 

7Q 
At, 59 (rem.), 60 

— least, 67 

— that time, 83 
Ate, 96 
Athenian, 75 
Atom, 94 
Atonement, 94 
Attendant, 86 
Attica, 68 
Attractive, 78 
Audacious, 87 
Avarice, 68 
Away, 86, 96, 104 

Bad, 9 53. 104 
X5ade, 70, 99 



Barbarian, 67 
Basket, 96 
Battle, 78 
Be, 45, 103 
Bearing up, 73 
Beast, 40 
Beautiful, 10, 51 
Beauty, 74 
Became, 67, 86 
Because, 83 
Become, 75 (rem.), 

81 

iate, 96 

Bed, 65 

Been (aux.), 67, 

101, 104 
Before, i6, IO6 
Begun, 101 
Beheld, 86 
Behold, 94 
Beholding, 73 
Behove, 73, l05 
Being, 83, 103 

(aux.), 94 

on good 

terms, 104 
Belonging, 98 
Bendingdouble, 94 
Besides, 96 
Besought, 106 
Best, 53 

Better, 51, 75, IO6 
Beyond, l)G 



128 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



Bird, 26 
Birth, 75 
Bitter, 79 
Black, 27 
Blameless, 84 
Blessed, 87, 96 
Blind, 78, 87 
Body, 83 
Boeotia, 68 
BcEotian, 86 
Bold, 37 
Boldly, 83 
Bone, 69 (rem.) 
Book, 1 
Born, 104 
Both, 67 
(sign of dual) 

59 (rem.), 98,103 
Boundless, 84 
Bowing together, 

94 
Boy, 21, 74, 99 
Brains, 80 
Brasidas, 91 
Brave, 3 
Bravely, 73 
Bread, 19 
Break, 96 
Breath, 94 
Brief, 87 
Brigand, 66 
Bright, 87 
Brilliant, 87 
Bring, 73, 9^, 99 
Broad, 44, 54 
Broader, 52 
Broadest, 54 
Broken, 96 
Brother, 1 
Brought, 99, 101 
Brute, 40 
But, 12, 62, 67, 78, 

106 
Buy, 96 
By, 59 (rem.), 60, 

67, 88, 101 

Calamity, 68 
Called, 73, 99 
Came, 88, 96, 101 

forth, 101 

out, 65 

Candid, 84 
Captured, 65 
Carrying, 65 
Cast, 96 
Cat, 80 
Catching, 88 
Caught, 65 
Cautious, 16 



Cause, 78 
Cave, 5 0, 71 
Celebrity, 99 
Certain, 70, 84 
Certainly, 9I 
Chance, 78, 94 
Charity, 106 
Charming, 35 
Chief, 73, 74 
Child, 21, 101 
Choose, 101 
Cicero, 48 
Circuit, 42 
Circumstance, 91 
City, 94 
Clean, 106 
Cleansed, 94 
Cleansing, 94 
Clemency, 66 
Cleopatra, 34 
Clever, 9, 75 
Cleverly, 80 
Closed, 86 
Cold, 49 
Colleague, 71 
Collected, 96 
Colour, 32 
Combat, 78 
Come, 96, 101, 106 
Coming, 88 
Commanded, 73, 

86, 99 
Commendable, 38 
Common, 78 
Compassion, 101 
Compassionate, 37 
Conceited, 70, 81 
Confine, 71 
Considered, 67 
Conspiracy, 68 
Conspired, 91 
Constant, 78 
Containing, 94 
Contemporary, 74 
Couch, 65 
Could, 94 
Council, 78 
Countenance, 74 
Country, 68 
Courage, 66 
Courageous, 79 
Covenanted, 99 
Covered with 

thorns, 37 
Criticism, 75 
Croesus, 34 
Crossing, 7^ 
Crow, 26 
Crowd, 94 
Cruel, 84 



Crying, 106 
Cub, 65, 71 

Cubit, 94 
Cunning, 75 
Cup, 106 
Cured, 99 
Curiously, 80 
Cyrus, 71 

Damp, 79 

Danger, 78 

Dangerous, 84 

Daring, 37 

Darius, 70 

Dark, 27, 87, 104 

eyed, 87 

Darkness, 104 

Dart, 71 

Day, 64, 65, 104 

Dead, 79 

Deal, 62 

Dealt, 106 

Death, 75 

Debt, 101 

Debtor, 101 

Deceit, 75 

Deed,22,67(rem.), 
71,74,99 (rem.) 

Deemed, 96 

Deep, 35, 54 

Deeper, 52 

Deepest, 54 

Delicious, 35, 83 

Delightful, 35, 51, 
53 

Demosthenes, 47 

Denier, 101 

Depart, 96 

Desert, 73 (rem. ),96 

Desired, 70, 73, 99 

Desires, I06 

Desirous of learn- 
ing, ]06 

Destroyed, 91 

Devoured, 88 

Dictator, 46 

Did (aux.) 99 

homage, 101 

Difficult, 14 

to fight, 

67 

Diligent, 14 

Diminishing, 88 

Dine, 106 

Dinner, 106 

Direct, 87 

Disagreeable, 37 

Disciple, 94 

Discouraged, 79 

Disengaged, 84 



Disgraceful, 24 

Dish, 106 
Displayed, 70, Si 
Dissembling, 88 
Do, 91, 101 

(aux.), 99 

Dog, 83 
Doing, 80, 101 
Done, 99 
Doubtful, 79 
Down, 88,96, 106 
Drank, 89 
Draw near, 96 
Dread, 106 
Dreadful, 79 
Drinking, 73 
Driven, 96 
Drop, 73 
Bry, 79 
Durable, 78 
Dying, 75 

Each, 75, 87, 88, 

94 
Earth, 68, 86 
Easy, 78 
Eat, 96 
Eating, 94 
Egg, 75 
Egypt, 71 ^ 
Egyptian, 40 
Eight, 93 
Eighth, 93 
Eightieth, 93 
Eighty, 63 
Elegant, 12 
Elephant, 30 
Eleven, 93 
Eleventh, 93 
Eloquence, 74 
Eloquent, 24 
Embossed, 87 
Enemy, 75, 86 

frem.) 
Energetic, 84 
Enough, 79 
Enter, 65 
Entered, 80, 89 
Enterprise, 32 
Enterprising, 84 
Epaminondas, 48 
Ephesus, 60 
Established, 106 
Estate, 70 
Esteemed, 87 
Estimable, 38, 75 
Euripides, 68 
Even, 39, 88 
Evening, 96 
Ever, 91 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



129 



Every, 39, 75, 87 
Evil, 49, 104 
Exact, 84 
Examine care- 
fully, 70 
Excellent, 79 
Expensive, 84 
Exploit, Q"] (rem.) 
Explorer, 73 
Exposed, 70 
Expression, 99 
Exterminated, 88 
Eye, 104 

Fair, 84 
Faithful, 79 
Fall, 94 

Fallen down, 101 
Fancy, S3 
Farm, 20 
Father, 1 
Fathom, 96 
Fault, 99 
Fear, 74, 106 
Fearing, ^^ 
Fearless, 37 
Feast, 20 
Feeble, 41 
Feel, 67 (rem.) 
Fell, 94 

Fellow-servant,! 01 
Ferocious, 24 
Fertile, 85 (rem,) 
Festus, 106 
Few, 79 
Field, 20, 70 
Fierce, 44 
Fifth, 93 
Fight, 78 
Figure, 74 
Filled, 96 
Find, 99 
Firkin, 94 
Firm, 79 
First, 93 
Fish, 96 
Five, 93 
Flatterer, 74 
Flee, 104 
Flour, 80 
Flower, 36 
Food, 96 
Fool, 106 
Foolish, 104 
For, 12, 96, 
— — (sign of dat.), 

69 (rem.), 83, 

96 
Force, 78 
Foreigner, ^^ 



Foresight, 78 
Foretell, IO6 
Forgave, 101 
Forgive, 10 1 
Formidable, 79 
Fortieth, 93 
Fortunate, 43, 80 
Fortune, 78 
Forty, 93 
Fought, 65, 81 
Found, 70, 73, 89, 

94 
Fountain, IO6 
Four, 93 
Foursquare, 94 
Fourth, 93 
Fox, 74 
Fragment, 96 
Frank, 84 
Free from care, 84 
Fresh, 23 
Friend, 75 
Friendly, 104 
Friendship, 78 
Fright, 106 
Frightful, 79 
Frivolous, 11 
Frog, 91 

From, 73, 83, 88 
Frontier, 7I 
Fruit, 42 
Fugitive, 87 
Fulfilled, 94 
Full, 77 (rem.), 94, 

96, 104, 106 
Further, 96 
Future, 79 

Gain, 104 
Ganges, 47 
Gathered, 73, 86 
Gave, 96 
General, 45 
Generous, 13 
Gentle, 104 
Gift, 69 
Girl, 21, 74 
Give, ^^, 99 
Given battle, 86 
Glad, 84 
Glittered, 73 
Globe, 42 
Glorious, 43, 53 
Go, 88, 99 

away, 96 

God, 78 
Gold, 75 
Golden-eggs, 79 
Gone, 80, 96, ^% 

101, 106 



Good, 3, 49 
Gory, 87 
Graceful, 12 
Grain, 83 
Grand, 27 
Grape, 36 
Grass, 96 
Great, 27, 62, 83, 

84, 90, 94 
Greater, 51, 84 
Greatest, 53 
Greek, 67 
Grow, 75, 104 

Had, 65 

• (aux.) 65 

(rem.), 86,106 
Half, 87 
Ho you there, 

88 
Hand, 80 
Handsome, 10, 51 
Handsomest, 53 
Happened, 106 
Happy, 82, 87 
Happiness, 104 
Hard, 14, 79 

working, ']<d 

Hare, 69 (rem.) 
Harmonious, 87 
Harsh, 37 
Has, 80 

(aux.) 62, ^^ 

Haughty, 38 
Have, 94, ^^, 99 
(aux.) 70, 83, 

86, 94, 101, 106 
Having, 70, 86 
(aux.) 80, 

86, 88, 96, J 01, 

104, 106 
He, 73, 90 (rem.) 
(sign of third 

pers.) 7, 25, 83 
Head, 80 
Headlong, 78 
Healthy, 80 
Heart, 104 
Heat, 49 
Heaven, 94 
Hebrus, 47 
Hellene, 67 
Helmet, 73 
Hen, 78 
Her, 59 (rem.), 65 

90 (rem.), 98 
Here, ^^, 106 
Heretofore, 106 
High, 28, 75 
priest, 99 



Him, 70, 83, 88, 9© 

(rem.) 
Himself, 60, 70 

(rem.), 73, 88, 90, 

98 
His, 25, 59 (rem.), 

90, 98 
Holding, 94 
Hollow, 73 
Homer, 34 
Honest, 3 
Honour, 64 
Honourable, 38 
Hope, 104 
Hoped, 104 
Horse, 20 
Hostile, 79 
Hour, 96 

House, 17, 80, 106 
How, 73, 94, 99 
However, 83 
Humble, 104 
Human, 40 
Humid, 79 
Hundred, 93 
Hundredth, 93 
Hunt, 71 
Hunter, 80 
Hyacinth, 18 
Hydaspes, 105 
Hypocrite, 80 
Hyrcanian, 71 
Hystaspes, 66 

1,75 

— (sign of first 
pers.) .39, 88 

Idle, 14 
Idleness, 50 
If. 15, 39. 88, 99, 
104 (rem.) 

— at any time, 67 
Ignoble, 84 
Ignorant, 84 

111, 80, 99 (rem.) 
Illness, 41 
Illustrious, 44 
Image, 60 
Impetuosity, 104 
Implacable, 43 
Impracticable, 80 
Imprudent, 44, 52, 

54 
In,59(rem.),60,7«, 

83, 88, 94,99, 10§ 

— consequence o^ 
73 

Indeed, 67, 104 
India, 68 
Indian, 79 



130 



ENGLISH INDEX, 



Indigent, 38 
Indigenous, 84 
Indiscretion, 83 
Indolent, 14 
Indulgent, 10 
Industrious, 14 
Industry, 50 
Infamous, 24 
Infinite, 84 
Infirm, 41 
Infirmity, 41 
Ingeruous, 84 
Innocent, 84 
Insane, 104 
Insatiability, 80 
Inside, 106 
Insignificant, 83 
Inspected, 60 
Intelligent, 9, 52 
Intended, 101 

(rem.) 
Into, 65, 70 
Intrepid, 79 
Investigated, 80 
Invincible, 79 
Invulnerable, 80 
Iota, 94 
Irksome, 87 
Is, 7, 94, 103 
Is it that, 83 
Isaiah, 47 
Iscariot, 99 
Isocrates, 48 
It, 90 (rem.) 
— (sign of third 

pers.) 7, 25, 83 
Its, 90 (rem.), 98 
Itself, 88 

Jackdaw, 26 
Jason, 74 
Jerusalem, 106 
Jesus, 94 
Jew, 94 

Joined in battle,65 
Joyful, 84 
Judge, 80 
Judgment, 80 
Just, 11 

Killed, 67 
Kind, 10 
King, 33 
Kingdom, 101 
Knew, 99 
Knife, 17 

Knowledge, 78, 106 
Known, 86 

Labour, 50 



Lacedemonian, 86 

Lady, 21 

Lagus, 71 

Laid, 86 

hands upon, 

101 
Lair, 65 
Lake, 91 
Lamp, 72 
Land,20,73(rem0 
Large, 27, 90 
Larger, 51 
Largest, 53 
Laughable, 79 
Law, 94 
Lay exposed to 

view, 70 
Lays, 79 
Lazy, 14 
Lead, 101 
Leader, 73, 74, 101 
Leaning to both 

sides, 79 
Learned, 75 
Leaving, 96 
Led, 70 

in, 62 

Left, 104 
Legislator, 75 
Lend, 99 
Less, 84 
Lest, 94 
Let, 1 04 

(aux,) 103 

■ go, 101 

Letter, 106 
Lies, 94 
Life, 75, 91 
Lifted, 94 
Light, 78 
Like, 67,88,101 
Likened, 101 
Lion, 30 
Lioness, 30 
Little, 73, 83, 96, 

99, 104 
Live, 106 

Living creature, 40 
Loaf, 76 
Long, 28, 91 
Looked, 96 
Loosed, 101 
Lord, 101 
Lost, 104 
Lot, 94 
Love, 78 
Lovely, 29 
Lover, 75 
Loving, 79 
Lowly, 104 



Luminous, 79 
Luxurious, 79 
Lydian, 78 

Macedonian, 46 

Mad, 104 

Made, 80, 94, 101, 
106 

DIagnanimous, 83 

Magnificent, 29,83 

Make, 1 06 

Man, 21, 40, 74, 
7Q 

Manly, 79 

Many, 90, 94 

Map, 42 

Blarine, 79 

Mask, 80 

Master, 67, 104 

May (aux.) 96, 103, 
104 

Me, 5, 86, 98 

Meadow, 96 

Measured, 94 

Meat, 106 

Blede, 91 

Meek, 104 

Mellow, 84 

Memory, 68 

Memphis, 106 

IMerciful, 37 

Blericus, 78 

Merit, 60, 65 

Met, 99 

Middle, 79 

Midnight, 99 

Midst, 79 

Might, 86 

Blild, 16, 104 

Mind,68,69 (rem.) 
83, 84 

Mindful, 84 

Mine, 98 

Miser, 78 

Miserable, 38 

Misfortune,- 68 

Mistress, 67 

Mob, 106 

Moderate, 16 

Moist, 79 

Money, 75 

More, 84 

(sign of comp.) 

51, 52, 84 

Mortal, 40 

Most (sign of su- 
per,), 53, 54 

Mother, 1 

Mouse, 80 

Mouth, 106 



Moved, 83,90,101 
Much, 27, 75, 94 
Multitude, 94 
Must, 99, 106 
My, 98 
Myrtle, 18 
Myself, 9a 

Name, 94 
Named, 99 
Necessary, 9I 
Necessity, 96 
Need, 96 
Neglected, 104 
Neighed, 62, 89 
Nevertheless, 65 
New, 23 
Nicostratus, 71 
Night, 86 
Nile, 47 
Nine, 93 
Ninetieth, 93 
Ninety, 93 
Ninth, 93 
No, 25, 70 

— more, 88 
Noble, 44 
Nor, 80 
Not, 25, 94 
Nothing, 80 
Now, 96, 106 
Nowhere, 70 
Number, 94 
Numbered, 94 

1 15 

Obscure, 44, 84 
Obscurity, 104 
Observed, 70 
Odious, 84 
Of, 91, 99 

— (sign of gen.) 
59, 65, 73, 88, 98 

Often, 99 

Old, 74, 75, 80,87 

On, 59 (rem.),70, 83 

— account of, 70 
One, 93 

(pron.) 62, 73, 

99 

another, 88,98 

One's own, 79 

self, 88, 98 

Only, 67, 106 
Open, 80, 84 
Or, 67, 80 
Orator, 45 
Orontes, 68 
Other, 67, 88, 90 

(rem.), 93, 106 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



131 



Ought, 73 

Our, 98 

Ours, 98 

Out, 88,86,89,101 

Outside, 106 

Over, 67, 80, 96 

Overturned, 73 

Owe, 101 

Own, 60, 70, 86 

Painted, 60, 89 
Painter, 45 
Painting, 60,62,106 
Palestine, 99 
Panther, 42 
Parent, 78 
Part, 42, 74 
Parysatis, 74 
Pass, 104, 106 

away, 94 

Passed, 96 
Passion, 80 
Patience, 101 
Patient, 79 
Patriotic, 84 
Pay, 101 
Payment, 101 
Peace, 49 
Peasant, 83 
Pedagogue, 83 
Pelopidas, 68 
Penny, 101 
Penurious, 79 
People, 94 
Perdiccas, 48 
Perish, 99 
Perishable, 40 
Persian, 9I 
Peter, 101 
Pharisee, 106 
Philip, 71 
Philosopher, 33 
Philosophy, 75 
Picture, GO, 106 
Piece, 75 
Piety, 75 
Pilate, 99 
Pioneer, 73 
Pious, 38 
Pisistratus, 83 
Place, 50, 83, 106 
Plate, 106 
Plato, 31 
Platter, 106 
Pleasant, 35 
Pleasanter, 51 
Pleasantest, 53 
Plenty, 79 
Plough, 83, 99 
Plunder, 106 



Plutarch, 80 
Poet, 33 
Pointed, 89 
Pond, 91 
Poor, 16 
Portion, 42, 74 
Portrait, 60, 74 
Possess, 100 
Possession, 74 
Potter, 106 
Poverty, 49 
Power, %"] , 74 
Powerful, 43 
Praise, 73, 75 
Praised, 60 
Praiseworthy,79,87 
Pray, 104 

for, 96 

Praying, 106 
Precious, 13 
Presence, 99 
Present, I06 
Prettier, 51 
Prettiest, 53 
Pretty, 10 
Prince, 45, 74 
Private, 79 
Privately, IO6 
Profit, 104 
Profuse, 84 
Prone, 84 
Property, 80 
Prophet, 45 
Prostrated, lOl 
Proud,43, 67 (rem.) 
Prudence, 74 
Prudent, 44, 52 
Ptolemy, 71 
Puffed up, ^Q 
Punctuality, 68 
Pungent, ']^ 
Punishment, IO6 
Pure, 106 
Purification, 94 

Quadrangular, 94 
Queen, 33 
Quick, 35 
Quickly, 104 

Pv,abble, 10 6 
Rage, 78 
Kagged, 79 
Rapacious, 87 
Rapacity, 106 
Rapid, 35 
Rapine, 106 
Rather, 106 
Rational, 84 
Reach, 88 



Real, 62 
Really, 62 
Rea:-onabie, 84 
Reckon, 101 
Recognisea, 86,104 
Red, 79 
Reflection, 86 
Region, 68 
Remaining, 96 
Renown, ^^ 
Renowned, 43, 53 
Repast, 20 
Repay, 101 
Replied, 83, 94 
Repose, 68, 10(> 
Represented, 70 
Repulsive, 38 
Resisting, 73 
Resolved, 88 
Respected, 87 
Result, 42 
Returnea, 86 
Reiuining, 83 
Rich, 16, 54 
Richer, 52 
Richest, 54 
Ridiculous, 79 
Right, 84, 87 
Ripe, 13, 84 
Risen, 104 
River, 42 
Robust, 41 
Rock, 68 
Rocky, 87 
Rose, 18 
Rough, 87 
Round, 28 
Rude, 84 
Rugged, 87 
Ruse, 88 



Sack, 80 
Sacred, 77, 80 
Safe, 88 
Safety, 88 
Sagacious, 9> 54 
Said, 62, 67, 75, 80, 

88, 89, 94, 104 
Sailor, 96 
Salt, 104 

Same, 25, 73, 74, 90 
Sat, 106 
Savage, 84 
Say, 67, 91, 94, 99, 

104 
Saying, 70, 96, 99 
Says, 80, 106 
Scattered, 86 
School, 83 



Science, 75 
Scythian, "j^ 
Sea, 79 
Season, 7<3 
Seasoning, 106 
Seated, 96 
Second, 93, IO6 

(rem.) 
See, io6 

Seemg, 70, 73, 88 
Seek, 70, 99 
Seized, ^^^ 101 
Semiramis, 31 
Send, 96, 104 
Senseless, 83 
.'-ent, 86 
Serpent, 74 
Servant, 86, 101 
Seven, 93 
Seventh, 93 
Seventy, 96 
Severally, 04 
Severe, 38 
Shall (aux.) 88, 101 
Shame, 74 
Shameful, 24 
Sharp, 35, 85 
She, 73 (rem.), ^^ 

(rem.) 
(sign of 3rd 

person), 7, 25, 83 
Shewn, 62, 73, 89 
Ship, ^Q 
Shone, 83 
Short, 87 
Should, (aux.) 94, 

99, 106 
Sicily, m 
Sick, 80 
Sicyonian, 78 
Silly, 11 
Silver, 75 
Sin, 101 
Sinned, 106 
Sister, 1 
Six, 93 
Sixth, 93 
Sixtieth, 93 
Sixty, 93 
Skilful, 84 
Skilled, 62 
Skv, 94 
Slave, 101 
Slew, ^^ 
Small, 73 
Smart, 75 
Smote, 104 
So, 65, 88, 91 
Socrates, 34 
Sold, 101 



132 



ENGLISH INDEX* 



Soldier, 66 
Solid, 78 
Solon, 74 
Some, 84 
Something, 83 
Son, 21, 71 
Son-in-law, Jl 
Song, 64 (rem.) 
Sought, 99 
Soul, 83 
Sound, 84 
Source, 106 
Spake, 99 
Spare, 106 
Sparta, 9 1 
Spartan, 86 
Spirit, 94 
Spoke, gg 
Spoken, 106 
Spread, 99 
Spring, 50, 74 
Stand, 94 
Statue, 74 
Stern, 96 
Still, 83 
Stone, 68, 94 
Stormy, 87 
Straight, 87 
Stratagem, 88 

(rem.) 
Strength, 41, 78 
Strict; 84 
Strong, 41, 78 
Struck, 85, 104 

(rem.) 
Stupid, 104 
Subject, 80 
Such, 67 
Suffered, 73 
Sufficient, 79 
Sumptuous, 84 
Sun-dried, 84 
Superior, 75 
Suspended, 88 
Sweet, 35 
Sweeter, 83 
Swift, 35 
Sword, 22, 106 
Sylla, 48 
Syracuse, 68 
Syria, 99 



Table, 17 
Tablet, 42 
Take, 101 
Taken, 96, 104 
Taking, 88 
Talent, 101 
Talented, 75 



Tattered, 79 
Ten, 93 

Tender, 87 
Tenth, 93 
Terrible, 24 
Terror, 74 
Than, 51, 62, (rem.) 
That (dem. pronj, 

62, 90 (rem.) 
That (rel. pron,), 

70, 98, 101 

(conj.), 67, 

88, 99. 104 

The, 2, 59 
Theban, 71 
Thee, 88, 98 
Their,86, 90 (rem.), 

98 
Theirs, 98 
Them, 88, 90 (rem.) 
Themistocies, 83 
Themselves, 86, 88, 

96, 98 
Then, 73,83,94,99 
There (sign of 3rd 

pers.), 7, 25, 91 

(adv.), 65, 

70,94 

Therefore, 94 
Thereon, 70 
Thereupon, 99 
These, 78 
Thessaly, 66 
They, 90 (rem.) 
■ (sign of 3rd 

pers. plu.),70,91 
Thine, 98 
Thing, 67 (rem.), 

74, 78 (rem.) 
Think, 70 
Thinkest, 70 
Thinking, 70 
Third, 93 
Thirst, 68, 73 
Thirtieth, 93 
Thirty, 93 
This, 39, 62, 83, 90 
Thorny, 37 
Those, 70,86 (rem.) 
Thou, 98 
(sign of 2nd 

pers.), 15 
Though, 39, 65, 88 
Thought, 67, 86, 

96 
Thousand, 93 
Thousandth, 93 
Thrace, 65 
Three, 93 
Thrice, 93 (rem.) 



Throat, 101 

Through, 73 
Thrown, 73 
Thy, 5, 98 
Thyself, 98 
Till, 94 
Time, 83 
Timid, 23 
Timon, 78 
Tittle, 94 
To, 62, 94 
(sign of inf.), 

65,70,96,99,101, 

100 
(sign of dat.), 

59, 75, 88, 98 

— be, 15 

(aux.) 73, 

9Q, 101 

To-day, 104 
Together, 88, 91, 99 
Toil, 60, 75 
Told, 106 
Took, 67, 101 
Towards, 62, 94 
Tract, 68 
Tranquillity, 68 
Treasure, 75 
Tree, 101 
Trick, 88 
Troublesome, 87 
True, 82 
Truly, 62 
Truth, 78 
Turning, 80 
Twelve, 93 
Twelfth, 93 
Twentieth, 93 
Twice, 93 (rem.) 
Two, 93 

Uncultivated, 14 
Understood, 99 
Undertake, 84 
Unfortunate, 84 
Unfriendly, 79, 84 
Unhappy, 84 
Unhurt, 84 
Unpleasant, 37 
Unscrupulous, 79 
Untamed, 8/ 
Untaught, 84 
Until, 94 
Unto (sign of dat.)) 

94 
Up, 80, 94, 96, 99 
Upon, 70, 88, 101 
Upright, 11,01 
Us, 7^f 94, 98 
Useful, 10,73 



Uttering joyful 
shouts, 69 

Vain, 11 
Valuable, 13 
Vanquished, 9I 
Vase, 94 
Vast, 44, 52 
Vastest, 54 
Verily, 94 
Very, 83 

(signof super,), 

53, 54 
Vicious, 9 
Victory, 32 
Victuals, 96 
View, 70 
Vigilant, 84 
Vigorous, 41 
Vile, ?4 
Village, 96 
Virtue, 50 
Voice, 22 
Voluptuous, 79 

Wait, 104 
Wall, 94 
Want, 101 
War, 49 
Was, 25, 103 
(aux.J, 70, 83, 

94, 96 
Washed, I06 
Wast, 103 
Water, 19, 73 
Water-jar, 94 
Watery, 79 
Way, 69, 83 (rem,) 
We, 88, 98 
Weak, 41 
Weakness, 41 
Wealth, 49 
Weapon, 32 
Went, 99 
Were, 86, 91, 94, 

103 
(aux.), 94, 



Wert, 103 
What, 29, 101 
Whatever,98(rem.) 
When, 70,96, 104 
Where, 65, 94, 99, 

104 
Which, 29, 98, 101 
Whilst, 73 (rem.), 

91, 101 
Who, 29, 98 
Whoever, 98 (rem.) 
Whole, 99 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



133 



Whom, 86 
Why, 9! 

Wicked, 9, 51, 53 
Wickedness, 68 
Wife, 21 
Wild, 96 
Wild-beast, 40 
Will, 99 

(aux.),88, 101, 

106 
Willing, 85 
Wind-flower, 36 
Windy, 87 
Wine, 19 
Wine-coloured, 87 



Winter, 50 
Wisdom, 75 
Wise, 9, 91 
Wiser, 52 
Wisest, 54 
Wish, 96, ]01 
Wished, 101 
Wishes, 106 
Wist, 99 
With, 59 (rem.), 

91, 94, 101, 106 
Without, 104 
Witness, 106 
Woman, 21, 40 
Wondered, 106 



Word, 99, 101 
Work, 22, 71, 79 
World, 68, 78 
Worse, 51 
Worshipped, 101 
Worst, 53 
Worthy, 104 
Would, 101, 

104, 106 
Wound, 72 
Wretched, 38, 87 
Write, 106 
Wrought, 80, 81 

Xerxes, 63 



103, 



Xeuxis, 74 
Year, 94 
Yet, 65, 83 
You, 62 (rem.), 88, 
94, 98. 99 (rem.) 

(sign of 2nd 

pers. sing.;, 15 

(sign of 2nd 

pers. plu.), 99, 
101, 104, 106 

Young, 23, 74, IO6 
Younger, 7I 
Your, 5, 62, 98 
Yours, 98 
Youth, 64 



GEEEK INDEX. 



The Numbers refer to the Exercises, not to the Pages. 



"A, 98 

'AJSXaPrig, 84 
"APovXog, 78 
*Aya66v, 49 
*Aya96g, 3 
"AyyeXoQ, 94 
AyrjdiXaoQ, 86 
"AyKVptty 96 
*Aya9oicXrig, 106 
'Ayopd(7U)(n, 96 
'AypiTTTTagy 106 
*A7p6c, 70 
'AdsX(})ri, 1, 68 
*AdeX(p6g, 1, 69 
'A^/iric, 87 
*ASpiag, 94 
'Aei, 91 
'Ajy^ric, 37 
*A0€ratoc, 75 
"A^t/cro^, 80 
'AOpooc, 79 
"AGvfiogj 79 
Ai, 98 

AlyXrjsigy 87 
AiyvTrriog, 4:6, 76 
AtyuTrroc, 71 
AtXoupoc:, 80 
At/iaroft^, 87 
Ale, 98 
At(T;^jOoc, 24 
Ai(Txi>Xogj 31, 76 
Ato'wTroe, 106 
Alria, 78 
Altiov, 99 
AtXM??, 68 



'AKav6<odr]gy 37 
'Akoyj^ 99 
*Afcpi/3ft«, 68 
*AKpi[3r)g, 84 
"AKpog, 28 
'AXa\aZorr£Cj 73 
*AXaXd^tui/, 89 
"AXac, 104 
'AXstai^^poc, 31, 7 1 
'AXriOsia, 78 
'AXfjOrig, 82 
'AX?/0tr6|g, 62 
'AXwTT?;^, 74 
'AX/ct/Sid^jyc, 68 
''AXK:tjuoc,43,77 (rem.) 
'AXXd, 62, 67 
*AXXi7Xoi'c, 88, 98 
*A\XriXojVj 98 
"AXXoc, 67, 90 (rem.) 
'AXoyioToc, 83, 104 
^AfiaOrjg, 84 
'AfiapTTiaei, 101 
^AjLieivoJVi 51 
'Afifjv^ 94 
'A//0ippo7rog, 79 

'A/Xtr/XWl/, 84 

"Ar, 104 (rem.) 
'Ai^d, 94 

'AvafiXi-^jag, 96 
'Aj^ayfcaiot;, 91 
'Aj^a^j^rtti^, 70 
' AvaKXiOfjvaij 96 
'Avaicvxpai, 94 
'AvaXafiioVj 80 



'AvaXKncofjifvogy 88 
"Aj/a^, 45, 74 
'AraTrai/fri^, 106 
'Avdpsia, 66, 78 
'ArdpeXogj 79 

'AvSKELTOf 70 

*Av£fx6stg^ 87 
*AvefA.(ovT], 36, 76 
'Ai^l7r€(7f, 106 
'AveirixeiprjTogf 80 
"Ai^fu, 104 
* Avex^priaaVy 86 
'AvTjp, 74 
"Ai^^og, 74 
"Aa/0pw7rog, 40, 76 
"Ai/oy^, 104 
'Ai'r€;)^oi/r€c> 73 
'Ai^Tf'i^wj/, 89 
'Aj^r/otKo^, 104 
"Ai/y^poc, 73 
'A^ta, 60, 66 
''A4'toc, 104. 
"Aoi//, 87 
'ATTavTioVf 78 
"ATrac, 86 

"ATTftjWt, 106 

^ATreicpLvarOf 83 
'ATTtXefir, 96 
'ATTfXf^wj/, 96 
'AireXXrig, 47, 60, 64 

^ATTsXvffSj 101 

'ATriyX^t, 99 
^ATTTjvrig, 84 
'ATryu)pr](7ey 88 
'ATrXrjfTTiaf 80 



'Atto, 88 

*A7roSoOi]vai, 101 
^AwoSog, 101 
'ATToSovvaiy 101 
'Atto^w^tw, 101 
^ A7ro9vr)cncu}i>, 75 
' AiroKpiOfigf 94 
^ ATTOKpy-sbaiy 86 
'A7r6\?;rai, 99 
'AttoXvo-ov, 96 
^ATToXcj/jitOay 88 
'ATrdoToXoc, 94 
* Atv pay p.u)V^ 84 
*Ap^dfjL8vog, 101 
'ApyfcTo^, 71 
'Apyoc, 14 
'ApyvptOJ^', 7*5 
'Apcrr?, 50, 68 
;Api/3a^oc, 71 
'AptoTfi^rjC, 106 
*Api(Trr](n], 106 
"Aptorrov, 106 
"AptoToc, 53 
"Aporpov, 83 
'ApTTayr?, 106 
"ApTra^, 87 
' ApTat,Ep'^rjg^ 68 
"Apro^, 19, 76 
"Apru/xa, 106 
^Ap-)(^ieoavQ, 99 
"Ac, 98 

'A(70€j^£ta, 41, 68 
'A<79evr]Q, 41 
'Acta, 66 
*A(T(TvpLa, 46, 66 
^A(T<Tvpiog^ 46, 76 
'Acr^aXcia, 91 
^ArkpjjLioVf 84 
' ATL9d(T(TevTog, 43 
"ArpsTTTog, 79 
*ArTLKrjy 68 
AhdTrjpog, 38 
Aur?;, 39, 90 
Ai;r//, 90 
Atfri?c> 65, 90 
Auro, 90 



GEEEK INDEX. 

A/toi^ 70, 88, 90 
A?;roc, 73, 90 
Ai/rou, 25, 90 
Aurot'c, 88, 90 
Avt6')(^0(x)v, 84 
Ai)r<^, 83, 90 
At/rwi>, 86, 98 
'AcpavTjg, 44 
'A06<c, 104 
"A(p9ovog, 43 

'A07}/C€, 101 

'A(f)rj(Jijj, 101 
'A(pi8Tai, 104 
'Acppovsararog, 54 
*A(ppovs(TT8pog, 62 
'Aippojv, 44, 106 

Ba^j'^C, 35 
BaOiraroc, 54 
BaOtTfpoc, 52 
BaXoj/rfc, 73 
BaXwi^, 89 
BdppapoQ, 67, 71 
Brtpyc, 87 
BacrtXfta, 101 
Bao-iXtvc, 33, 62, 72 
BacriXLaaa, 33, 68 
Bdrpaxog, 91 
BgjSaioc, 78 
Bt/3Xtoj/, 1, 76 
Biog, 91 
BXffifjLa, 74 
Boiwrta, 68 
Boiwrog, 86 
BoXhag, 96 
Borpuc, 36, 74 
BovXea9^, 101 
Bot-Xsrai, 106 
BovA?7, 78 
Bpa(jidag, 91 
Bpaxv, 96 
BpaT^iJCj 87 
Bpojfia^ 96 

rayy/7C, 47, 68 
ra///3p6c, 71 



135 

Vdp, 12, 83 
re, 65 

Teypafi/XEvog, 70, 81 
reXotoc, 79 
rl/xft, 106 
r£i/€(T0at, 96 
r€j/j7, 88 
Tsvrfrai, 94 
rfci/i^aioc, 13, 75 
VevSfJLevoQy 81, 86 
Tspijjv, 74 
rewjoyoc, 83 
ri}, 68 
ri?pac, 74 
Trjpdcncio, 75 
Ttv6jLt£j/oc, 75, 81 
rXir/ciwy, 83 
rXvKuc, 35 
TXa)(7(jaXyiaf 83 
Ti/ot'c, 88 
Tvwjjirjy 86 
ri/a>pt(Tat, 86 
Toj^ft'C, 78 
Tovv, 67 
Tpdfijjia, 60, 106 
Tpacpsig, 89 
rpcKbtlrrav, 60 
TpaipiKog^ 62 
rpa'0a>, 106 
Tvi/^, 21, 74 

Advsicv, 101 
Aapftoc, 70 
AaT//iXi7c, 84 
Ag, 62, 67, 91 
As (cai, 83 
Ati, 99 
AfiXo'c, 23 
Afiii/, 106 
AeivoQj 24 
Aft^ac, 73, 89 
Asjca, 93 
Agfcctroc, 93 
Akvdpog^ 101 
Afcoc, 74 
AeDjCJO, 88 



136 

A&vTSpog, 93 
Aff, 88 

ArjKTLKOCy 75 

Ai]ijLoa9svrjQ, 4:7 1 76 
Ar}vdpiov, 101 
Aid, 73, 88 
Aid TOvTOj 94 
AiaOprjaai, 70 
AtaKTocrtoi, 93 
Atarcoatoaroc, 93 
Atofcrr/ycrac, 96 
AiaTsivaaOatf 99 
AiacpfpofJLSi'og, 96 
At^arTKaXfiO)/, 83 
AttAi^cg, 86 
AiB7rffji\p€j 86 
AiepevvbJixEiwg, 80 
AiicatGQ, 11 
An^aaTYjQ, 80 
Ai^, 93 (rem.) 
Ai^XtXtoi, 93 (rem.) 
At •<//«, 68 
Ar«//0(,-, 73 
Aorg, 96 
Ao?}\o^, 101 
Aciii/at, 99 
Ap«r£, 101 
Apt-j^vg, 44, 85 
AvvaLVTO, 86 
/^vvdjJLtvogf 88, 94 
Avvafiig, 74 
AvfffJLaxog, 67 

AV(7TVXVQ) ^^ 

Ai»w, 93 
A6b»^fica, 93 
Aw^fifcaro^, 93 
Awpor, 69 

*'E, 98 

•Eaj/, 88, 104 (rem.) 
"Eap, 50, 74 
*Eauroie, 96, 98 
•Eayrdr, 88, 98 
VEavrci), 60, 98 
'Eavrcv^, 88, 98 



GEEEK INDEX, 

'EpaTTTtuei], 106 
*Ej3dofjLrjicovTdicig^ 96 
"E/3o'o/io^. 93 
^Ei3poc, 47, 76 
'EygVfro, 67, 96 
'EysVoi/ro, 86 
'EyK80a\of, 80 
'Eyfcpariy^, 67 
"Ey^'cD, 88 
'Eyoi, 75, 98 
'Eywy£, 104 
"EdojKEy 96 
'E^/rtTrf, 99 
'E17, 98 

'Eeavfiaffa, 104 
'E^^paTTfi^tTf, 99 
E/, 15 
Et /ccfi, 39 
Efc, 15, 103 
Ei'jy, 103 
^Lrjfitv^ 103 
Et?72/, 103 
Ei7?c, 103 
Elfjcrav, 103 
Ei??r£, 103 
Ei' Tyrol/, 103 
EiKOfTi, 93 
EtVocrroi^, 93 
E/fcwi/, 60, 74 
EIXe, 67 
EtVt, 39, 103 
EZi^at, 45, 103 
EtTTf, 62 
'EiTTy, 99 
EZttoj/, 94 
EiVoi^ro^, 70 
EtTTOrf, 67 

EtTTW, 104 

EiVwr, 89 
EIc, 93 
EZ^, 103 
E4', 65, 94, 101 
Etg TO TraXiv, 106 
EicaxOf/c, 62 
EiceXOiov, 106 
EiVt, 70, 103 



EZra, 83 
EZx£, 65 
'E/c, 83 

'^KaOapiaOrjcrav, 94 
"EfcaOTOjf, 75 
'EKarovj 93 
^Ercaronroif, 93 
'E/c€t, 94 

'E/cf (;j/oe,62, 90 (rem.) 
'EKfiXfuoj/, 73 

'E/C£\£U(7£, 99 

'E/c;r£'(7w<Tt, 94 
'FjicpdTi}(Tey 104 
"Eicrof, 93 
'Efc;)^wp?7crat, 83 
*Ek(6v, 85 
'EAtiXjydfi, 99 
"E\€y£, 75 
"EXeyov, 104 
*EXEr]/j,o(7vvri, 103 
'EAt/yjuwi/, 37 
'EAtwOfptoi^', 83 
'EAg'^a^, 30, 74 
"EAOw, 106 
'EA6?rJr, 80 
'EAtfcwTTtc, 87 
'EAifcw^') 87 
"EXXrjv, 67, 72 
'EA7r/^04jui, 104 
'EXTTig, 104 
'Efiaroy, 98 
'Ejitg, 98 
'EfisTprjffSy 94 
'E/iot, 98 
'E/iiogy 98 
'E^ov, 86, 98 
"E/jLTrXsixjg, 77 (rem.) 
"EjLt7rpo(T6?£r, 99 
"El/, 93 
'El/, 60 
'EpavTiogy 79 
"Ei/^€K:a, 93 
'Ei/^g/carojf, 93 
"EvSoKoQ, 43 
'Ev^o^or.aro^-, c3 
"EvufAiy 106 



'EWrvxor, 106 
*'Evs(paiveTOy 83 
"EvOa, 65 
'EvedSe, 106 
"EvvaTog, 93 
'Ej/rea, 93 
'Evi/fa/cofftot, 93 
'Ej/j/faKoctooToc, 93 
*y^vvevr]icovraf 93 
'Ei/i/ti'jyKocTroe, 93 
'^EvTavBa, 70 
'E^, 83 
"E|, 93 
"E^si, 99 
'E^6\/9wr, 101 
[mxth 73 
*E^?7fcoi'rrt, 93 
*E|j7K:o(Troc:, 93 
'E^iKVHaOai, 88 
"E^a>efx/, 106 
"Eoiicf, 62 
*E6^, 98 

'E7ra/x€tva»V^ac,48,68 
*ETta^r](ydiievoQy 86 
'EiTTavyUj 83 
'E7rax0»k? 84 
*E7ri/3oa>j/, 106 

"ETTftTf, 94 

^E7ryV€(76, 60 
*E7r?;f)WT?7(7£, 106 
"Ett/, 70, 101 

*E7r£j8ot'X£V(TiE, 91 

*E7rtj8oi'Xi7, 68 
*E7riti/ci7^, 84 
^E7ri\€|a(T0£, 101 
*EirifitKr]Q, 84 
'ETTtvota, 88 

^ETTKTTTjfJirj, 106 
'ETTKTTTJfJLiOVy 84 

"E^rvtyt, 101 

'ETTOtjyO'g, 106 
'ETTOl^ft, 73 

•ETrrd, 93 
'Epyaffrifco^, 14 
^Eoyoi/, 22, 71 
*Ep??/ioc, 96 



OKEEK INDEX. 

'Epi/3wXa^, 87 
'Epu^poi^, 79 
''Ep;)^ojUrti, 106 
"E(Tt(T0at, 103 
"EcTfrai, 103 
"Eay, 103 
'Ed^toii/, 94 

'E(T/i£2/, 103 

"EcTo/iae, 103 
'EdOjuti/og, 103 
"E(7rat, 103 
'EorrI, 103 
"Etrrfi, 103 
"EarrjffaVf 99 
'Ecrri, 7, 103 
'E(jt6v, 103 
"Etrroi/, 103 
"Eo-rw, 103 
"Ecrrwi/, 103 
"Ecrwcrai/, 103 
"EawOev, 106 
"Ert, 83 
"Erog, 94 
Evyevrjg, 44 
Evyvitifiujv^ 84 
Ehdaifiiov, 43, 82 
Ei;£|oy£(Tta, 66 
Ei'fpygVjyif, 80 
EvrjQrjg, 84 
EifOvfjielv, 73 
Eu0i/^, 87 

EvKVYlflig^ 87 
Eu\6yjy(T6, 96 

Evvrj, 65 
Evvoiovj 104 
EwTTopo^, 75 
Ei-pc, 70 
EvptTri^?;^, 68 
Ei/p((TK:w, 99 
Eupovrt^, 73 
E?;pi;e, 44 
Evptraroc, 54 
Eupvrfpog, 52 
EupwV, 89 
Evpijj(TTiog, 73 
Eucr€/3tta, 75 



137 

Evffaprig, 38 
Ewrf u;j^oi}v» €g, 80 
EuroX/io^, 37 
Evrf^ia, 104 
Ev^voi^, 80 
'Ev^apigy 84 
Evwx'^j 20, 68 
"E^ayoi^, 96 . 
E(pa(jav, 88 

''E(pE(TOg, 60, 71 

"E02;, 80 
'E0poj/fi, 67 
"E^a, 80 
"Ex^rf, 94 
'Ex^twi/, 84 
;;Ex0p6g, 75 
"ExOjLttv, 96 
"Exor, 70 
*E')^oprda9rj(TaVf 96 
"ExoftTi, 96 
"Ex^j/, 86 
I'Ewc, 91 
"Ea>^ av, 94 
"Ect>^ OTOV, 104 

Z^i/, 106 
Zwypa^o^, 45, 76 
Zoioj/, 40, 76 

^H, 2, 59 
"H, 51, 67 
"H, 98 
'H, 103 
"H, 98 
"Hyayf, 70 
"RyeiffOai, 73 
'Hy€jua/i/, 74 
'Hyep^?/, 104 
'Hy 17 (To/iat, 101 
"H^fitrf, 99 
''H^^, 96 
"H^ttrrog, 53 
^Hdiujv^ 51 
'H^i)^, 35 

'H0€X??rT6, 101 

"H/c€, 88 
M 3 



138 



GKEEK IISDEX. 



•H/i6Tc, 88, 98 
"Rfiav, 103 
*Hfi8pa, 64 
"Rfjiepog, 79 
^HfispuKrai^ 99 
'Hjitertpo^, 98 
*H/xTi/, 98 
*B.fjiicrvg, 87 
'H/Awi/, 94, 98 
"Rv, 25, 103 
"Hr, 80, 98 
"Rpap, 96 
'Hpwra, 106 
^H^, 98 
'Rq, 103 
""Raav, 91, 103 
''Ha^a, 103 
"Ho-rf, 103 
''H<rr??i/, 103 
'H^rrox/, 103 
'H(ru;^ia, 49, 68 
"Hr£, 103 
"Rrrjv, 103 
'Hroj/, 103 



©dvaroQ^ 75 
©taadiuvoQ^ 60, 81 
0eX£rf, 99 
&k\i]fia, 99 
©eiJLiaroicXrjg, 83 
eeo^, 78 

©tpOLTTiOVy 86 

0€p/i?/, 49, 68 
0£pa7r€ia, 75 
©sTTaXia, 66 
©fwpdrf, 106 
©j]^aioQ, 71 
©TipioVf 40, 71 
0??(Tai;pdc, 75 
©j^r/ro^, 40 
®pg,Krjj 66 
®pa(TvQ, 87 
0yXa^, 80 
©r/ioy, 80 



'I<i<T(oi/, 74 
"I^tog, 79 
'IdiovQ, 70 
'I^ou, 94 
*Iowi/, 86 
If pog, 77 
^lepoaoXvfia, 106 
'Ij^rroug, 94 
^iKavog, 79 
"Iz/a, 88, 99 
'IvSia, 68 
'Ii/^tK:6|g, 79 
'lovdaiog, 94 
'loi^oag, 99 
"Ittttoc, 20, 62, 71 
'Iffatag, 47, 68 
"ItrOi, 103 
* 1(7 Kap HOT T]g^ 99 
'I(TO/cparj;c, 48, 76 
'I(7%i;pof, 78 
*lxOvg, 96 
'Iwra, 94 

Kayw, 99 
KaO\ 75 
Ka0api^er6, 106 
'KaOapicTfiog, 94 
KaOaoof, 106 
Ka0a/c:, 99 
Kai, 12 
Kaii^of, 23 
Kaipog, 91 
KaKiorrog, 53 
Ka/ciwv, 51 
KaKodaiiJKjJV, 84 
Ka/cof, 9 
J^aKwg, 80 
Ka'XXtcrro^, 53 
KrtXXiwj/, 51 
Ka'XXc^, 74 
KaXoc, 10 
'Kdfiarogj 50, 76 
K^V, 88 
Kap^ta, 104 
KapTToc, 42, 70 
Xaprfpof, 79 



Kara, 60, 75, 83, 94 
Kara ttoXu, 62 
KarafJLovag, 106 
KaratT/coTTog, 73 
KaTEKTaviy 67 
KaHXapt, 65 
liaTbX9(jJiJL6v, 88 
KarfXjjH'ai', 91 
Kart (T/cfyacrph'OC, 80 
Karr/(T0i5, 88 
KariwV, 88 
Karw, 88 
'Keiuevog, 86 
Kf trai, 94 
KfXfucag, 86 
"Kepaia, 94 
Kepafxevg^ 106 
Kip^oc, 104 
Kf0aX?7, 80 
Kt/c£pwx/, 48, 74 
Kir^vj/oc, 78 
'Kivdvwdrjg, 84 
KXada^, 96 
KXa<7/ia, 96 
KXfOTrarpa, 34, 66 
KXripog, 94 
KotXoc, 73 
Koti/6^, 78 
KoXa^, 74 
KoXotoc, 26, 70 
Ko/xi^o?;(Tt, 73 
Kofiitiov, 65, 89 
Kox^tC) 86 
KoTToc, 50, 75 
Kopa^, 26, 74 
KocTfiog, 78 
K60tro^, 96 
JLpdvogy 73 
Kpariycrac, 101 

KpSlTTCJVy 75 

KptVt^, 80 
KpoT(7oc, 34, 70 
XpvfiSg, 49, 76 
'Krrjfia^ 74 
Kui^Tjyfcrtoi^, 71 
KvJ'»yy<5c, 80 



gkeke: index. 



139 



Kvpiogy 101 

KvpOQy 71 

KvijJVy 83 

KibfMT]^ 96 

Aapojv, 96 
Adyog, 71 
AayioQf 69 
AaKS^aiiiovioQ^ 
AaXrjaaiy 106 
AafXTrdgy 72 
Aa/XTTjOo^, 79 
Ascavaf 30, 65 
A«7ft, 80 
A£7£r6, 104 
Afyd/ifj/og, 99 
Aeyovai, 91 
Af'yw, 94 
Asyuv^ 96 
Af'wv, 30, 74 
AjjaTTjQj 66 
Atyvf, 87 
AiQivoQy 94 
Aifivt], 91 
Aoyto^, 24 
Aoyior?;^, 74 
Aoyoc, 101 
Aoidopluj 75 
AotTrdg, 106 
Av^oc;, 78 



Ma0ijr^e» 94 
Ma*cap, 87 
MaKsdiov, 46, 73 
^laKpo9viJ,T](Jovy 101 
Majcpog, 28 
Maprup, 106 
'MdraiOQj 11 
Mar^iat', 94 
Ma;^?;, 78 
Mf, 98 

MeyaXoTTpay/xwa^, 84 
IslfyaXoTrptTrrjQy 83 
Mtya/\60jOa>j^, 83 



Msyac, 27, 90 
MgyioTot', 53 
Mfi^wv, 51, 82 
Mftwj/, 84 
MsXati/a, 27 
UkXag, 27 

MsfKplQ, 106 

MtV, 65 
Mfv -^f, 78 
Uipog, 42, 74 
Microj^i'/crioj/, 99 
Msaog, 79 
Mfo-rdc, 104 
Mera, 75, 91, 94 
MerprfTrjg, 94 
Merpiog, 16 
Mg, 73 
Mi]i^oc, 91 

Ml]KSTl, 88 

M^Xoj/, 36, 71 
Mrjv, 65, 74 
M^7ra>c, 94 
Mrjrrjp, 1 
Mta, 93 
MiKpog, 73 
Mt(Tai/0pw7ro^, 78 
Mvr]fir]y 6S 

WvTjfKOVj 84 

Moytpd^, 14 
Mot, 96, 98 
Motpij^og, 78 
Mdi/oi>, 67 
Moj/oc, 65, 77 
MopiJLoXviceioVj 80 
Mou, 5, 98 
Movaa, 64 (rem.) 
Mvpiot, 93 
M^vpLo^JTog^ 93 
Mi;p(TiV»7, 18, 76 
Mvc, 80 
Mwpdf, 104 

HavTTjgf 96 
Nfavicrg, 64 

NflXoj:, 47, 76 
NfKpdf, 79 



Neoc, 23 
Nfwrcpot', 71 
l^fjOTTig, 74 
Nik?/, 32, 66 
Nt/cddrparo^, 71 
^ojjioOETrjgy 75 
Ndyuo^, 94 
Nod^, 69 (rem.) 
No(Tourr€c^ 80 
Noi/t:, 69 (rem.) 
Nyi^, 106 * 
N?;^, 86 
N(^', 98 
Nwt, 98 
NwtV, 98 
Nwtrtpo^, 98 
NwXf/i?/^, 84 
N^^Jj/, 98 

jSsp^i/^, 68 

^ev^tgj 74 
S?/pdf, 79 

•0, 2, 59 
"0, 98 

'Oy^oi7KroJ/ra, 93 
'Oy^oj/fcocrdj^, 93 
"Oy^ooc, 93 
"Oyf, 62 
'O^fi^wi/, 73 
'O^dy, 69, 73 
Ot, 59 
Oi, 98 
OiVi'a, 80 
OZkoc, 17, 106 
OJvog, 19, 76 
OtVo*//, 87 
Olog, 29 

OtTTtp, 70 

Olgy 98 
'Oktw, 93 
'OXi'yo^, 79 
"OXoc, 99 
'CVr^Xi^, 74 
"OfiTjpog, 34, 76 



140 



greeb: index. 



*OfjioXoyovvrai, 104 
'OjU^aXotte, 87 
"Ov, 98 
''Ovofiay 94 
*0^vg, 35 
"OTTspf 98 (rem.") 
"OttXov. 32, 71 
"Ottoi;, 104 
"OTTLjg, 88 
*0py)7, 78 
*OpyiXog, 80 
'Opyi^ta, 96 
'Ojoiov, 71 
'Opjxri, 32, 68 
"Opvtc, 26, 74, 78 

^OpOPTTjQ, 68 

Vpwv, 70, 88 
'OpwvrojVj 73 
"Oc, 98 
"Ocroc, 101 
"OcTTcp, 98 (rem.) 
'Oar&ov, 69 (rem.) 
"Ocng, 98 
"Orav, 104 
"On, 67, 99 
"0 ri 98 (rem) 
OIj, 25 
Ov, 98 
0^, 99 
OudaiJLOVy 70 
0^^£, 80 
Ovdsv, 70, 80 
Oi/fc, 25 
0^2/, 73 
Ovpai/o^, 94 
Ovg, 86, 98 
Oi»roc, 39, 90 
OvTwg, 65 
Oi;rw^ apa, 83 
Ohx, 25 
Oi»Xi, 94 
'OcpeiXsig, 101 
'OcpiLXkrric^ 101 
"O^sXe, 104 
'O^OaXjuoe, 104 
O0if, 74 



"0%\oc, 94 
"0$ia, 96 

Ilat^aytuyoc, 83 
UaiStia, 75 
Ilatotoi/, 99 
llaTg, 21, 74 
Ualaag, 104 
naXti/, 96 
IlaXrdi/, 71 
Hax/oupyia, 75 
UavraTTaai, 88 
Ilai/rgX??^, 94 
ndvTsg, 83 
ndvT(ov, 73, 75 
ITaVv, 83 
napa, 67, 106 
Uapadw(T(o^ 99 
UapaKv-ipag, 88 
napaXajLt/3ai^6rai,104 
Xlapara^dfiavog, 86 
nap^aXtc, 42, 67, 74 
Hdpsiixi, 106 
Ilapft^, 104 
riap^X^Eti^, 65 
IlapsX^^, 94 
naprjXee, 96 
TiapvaaTig, 74 
riapwr, 91 
n5^, 39, 85 (rem.) 
Uarripy 1, 74 
ITarraXog, 88 
IIei(7L(Trpdrrjg, 83 
rifXoTri^ac, 68 
Ui^ixirrog, 93 
nti/ia, 49, 68 
nsi/rf, 93 
IleTrtarfuTYit, 67 
UkiTwv^ 84 
lispdiKicaCj 48, 65 
n^pi, 91 

n^pio^o^, 42, 70 
TltpL(T(Tevit)V^ 96 
n€ffwi/, 101 
Ilfrpa, 68 



TisTpog, 101 
Uijyrj, 106 
niyxfc, 94 
m/cp6^, 79 
TliXdrogy 99 
Ilivdiciovy 70 
nij/al, 106 
ntcrrdf, 79 
niwv, 73, 89 
uXarvg^ 87 
nXarwi/, 31, 74 
nXfiwi/, 84 
UXrjeog, 106 

nx*??/, 106 

UXrjprjg^ 96 
nXot'frtog, 16 
nXovo'twraroc, 5i 
nXoi;(T£{or€pof, 52 
nXoLTap^^o^, 80 
uXovrogy 49, 70 
Tlvev^ay 94 
noti7(7ac, 99 
Uoirjrrjg, 33, 66 
TToXfjuto^, 79 
ndXf/xo^, 49, 70 
ndXtc, 94 
UoXirrjQy 91 
noXXj7, 27, 90 
UoXXoJVy 88, 90 
JJoXval^, 87 
UoXvdeipdg^ 87 
UoXvfxaOrjg, 75 
UcXvfirjTigf 87 
noXt-i:, 27, 90 
nov?;pia, 49, 68 
noj/>?p6c, 79, 104 
IToi/rtKoc, 79 
UopevOsig, 99 
Tlopivui^Taiy 99 
riocraicie, 99 
IToo-og, 94 
riorajLtoc, 42, 
riorfe, %b 
TloTfjpiovy 106 
nov, 94 



GEEEK INDEX. 



141 



Tlpa9i]vai, 101 

Xlpdyfia, 74 
Updkag, 86 
Tlp(}og, 104 
TLpdrrovTig, 80 
TlpaTTovat, 91 
lipefTGvQ, 87 
npo, 86 

Tlpoj]fiapTr}K(jjg, 106 
TlpoeipTjKaj 106 
npo^X^f, 6o 
n|OoX£y(.>, 106 
ITjoovoia, 78 
IIpoo;//tf, 91 
ITpoc, 73 
TTpo^aytti^, 96 
XlpoqayoVTOQi 83 
npogdoKiofiefOQ^ 104 
npogeXOwvy 101 
npoe6\€t;(TOjLta6, 88 
npot^fTTotfiro, 88 

ITpocfvxojLiei^og, 106 
npo^^X^oj/, 96 
Upogrjpsyicav, 99 

npoe?/2^€X^^/' 1^1 
UpogLovrog, 83 
npo^Ki'j/ft, 101 
npo^ra^a^. 85 
Ilpo(l)r)Tr}g, 45, 68 
Ilpvp,va, 96 
npwT-oc, 93 
Ilrfpofitg, 87 
XlroXofialog^ 71 
ITrw^og, 16 

T^'^to^, 78 
"PdtJTog, 78 
•Pr)jLia, 99 
'Pr/ra>p, 45, 74 
'Pi^^a^, 96 
'Podov, 18, 71 
•Pw>7;, 78 

2€, 98 

StaifroT', 98 



^efiipafiigj 31, 67, 74 
2?7, 98 

^i]liipov, 104 
Sf^svof, 41, 76 
2t^//poc, 22, 106 
2tK£/Vta, 66 
2t/Ci;(t»Vto^, 78 
XiTog, 83 
S'Cfuoc, 80 
:ZK:\rip6g, 79 
^KToreij/df;, 104 
2/coro^, 104 
^icvQiKog, 79 
^KVfivogj 65, 71 
2,aifco6g, 104 
5o£. 88, 98 
SoXwj/, 74 
:Soc, 98 
:§oy, 5, 98 
2o0ta, 78 
2o^t^oju£i/o^, 88 
':^o(pog, 9 
2o0ct»rarof, 54 
^ocfuorepog, 52 
^TTapra, 91 
27rrtprtar?2C, 86 
27r?')Xa(.oj^ 50, 71 
^TrXayx'^^f^deig, 101 
^ra9r)(TeTai, 106 
Sro/xa, 106 
2rpar€yo^, 45, 75 
^TpaTidf 68 
^rparioJTrjg, 66 
Si;, 98 

^vYicaTe-ipr](pi(y9sj 94 
5uy/cu7rra>i/, 94 
:^v\\afjif3dvwvf 88 
2wX\af-, 48, 68 
Syyu/xaxo^, 71 
^vinTrdpeiiJLij 106 
'^vficbopd, 68 
Sfi/aipfiv, 101 
Svi^apat, 101 
2t;i/^o»;Xoc, 101 
^vpeifXL, 106 
:Svvr]YiJLEvog, 99 



2?'i^?7Kra»^, 79. 
^vpaKOvaaty Q^ 
'X^tvapog, 41 
2upia, 99 
:Su(7rpar£U(7a/i£J^O(:, 

65, 81 
2voTpar//yd^, 71 
20ac, 98 
20f, 98 
-^(psrepog, 98 
"^(picn^ 98 
2(i)W, 98 
20w£, 98 
20a;t, 98 
50a>h', 98 
-^^ipi^'iv, 98 
20wtr£po^, 98 
20wJ^, 98 
5^<^v, 98 
2%oX]7, 50, 68 
'^iij9)](j6iJ,E9aj 88 
2d>jLta, 83 
^iij(ppii)Vj 84, 

TaXavrov, 101 
TaXac, 87 
Tajuiac, 46, 76 
TaTTttvdc, 104 
Taxv, 104 
Ts, 67, 94 
Tdxog, 94 
Tfi/croi/, 101 
Te'pava, 87 
Tsprjv, 87 
TftTo-apaVig, 93 
TeaaapdKovra, 93 
Tfo-capa/coffrd^, 93 
T£(7(rap5e, 93 " 
TeTapTOQ, 93 
Tfrpaywrog, 94 
TsTpdicLg, 93 (rem.) 
T€ri»<^a>jLi£j^oc, 70, 81 
Tex9tLg, 104 
Ti, 29, 67,83,84,91, 
TifjLTj, 64 
Tifxritig, 87 



142 



grep:k index. 



T/yutof, 13, 38 
Ti)U(oi/, 78 
Tifiotpiaj 106 
Tivd, 70 
Tig, 29, 84, 98 
To, 2, 55 
Toyf, 62 
ToLovTog, 67, 90 

TOTTOC, 70 

ToaovTog, 90 (rem.) 
Tore, 99 
Tov, 59 
TovToig, 70, 90 
Tovro, 39, 90 
TpaVf^a, 17,68 
Tpavjuaj 72 
T|Oa;^vf, 87 
TpsXg, 93 
Tpta, 93 
Tpietfcoi^ra, 93 
Tp la/cocrrd^, 93 
Tpt^, 93 (rem.) 
Tpi|g%iXtot, 93 
TpiToc, 93 
TpoxaXog, 28 
Tpv^epog^ 79 
T|Oi'x??poc, 79 
Twpai^j^og, 83 
TurpOeig, 85 
Tv'x^;, 78 
T^T, 59 

'Ya/ctr0oc, 18, 76 
YyiaivovTeg, 80 
;Yyp6c, 79 
'Yddcrwfjgy 106 
'Y^artoi/, 73 
'Y^pta, 94 
"Y^wp, 19, 73 
Yloc, 71 
'Yjuae, 98 
]Y/if tg, 94, 98 
*Y/ier£poc, 98 
V/iij/, 94, 98 



•Yfiwv, 98 

'YTraVx?/, 104 
^YTTtvoovVy 96 
'Y7repT](pavogy 43 
'Ytto, 60, 73 
'YTTOKjOirryg, 80 
'YpKavog^ 71 
*Y(jTd<J7rr}gf Q6 

^ayetvy 96 
^ai^fi^, 89 
^avsvTog, 73 
^avrarjia^ 83 
^aptaalogj 106 
^dcryavov, 17, 71 
^oro-t, 67 
4>fi(T0jLiat, 106 
^speTSy 96 
^£vyip, 104 
^??(Tt, 106 
'^i?(7rog, 106 
^iXopyvpia, 68 
4>tXajOyupo(;, 78 
^►tXepyoC) 79 
4>tAia, 78 

^tXlTTTTOi^, 71 

4>i\6^woc, 75 
^iXofiaOrjg, 106 
^tXoTrarpit;, 84 
^iXog^ 75 
^iXocfo^iUj 75 
^iX6<7C(pog, 76 
^opapog, 79 
*d/3oc, 106 
^oPovusvogy 96 
4>ojOa, 104 
4>povftc;, 70 
^po^'^^cTic:, 74 
^ovifjiog, 44 
^povi^cJrepog, 52 
4>oo2/oui^ra, 70 
^povUbVy 89 
^vydg, 87 



*wj//;, 22, 68. 
^w^', 78 

Xapifi(;, 12 
XftjUrt, 50, 76 
X€i|0, 80 
XiXioi, 93 
XiXtoord^, 93 
Xdpro^, 96 
Xps/a, 96 
Xp£/^£ri(rae, 62 
X,o^, 73 
Xprjcrifjiog, 15 
Xpijaov, 99 
Xpriarogy 10 
Xpoj/of, 83 
Xpvaiov, 75. 
Xpt^croroKOc, 79 
Xpwjua, 74 
Xu/pay 68 
Xojpiovy 20, 76 
Xwpoij/, 94 

^^X^, 83 

'G, 15, 103 
""Q ourc^, 88 
""Q, 98 
^Q^f, 96 
*QKvg, 87 
"Ojugi^, 103 
'QfioiioOri, 101 
"Qi/, 83, 88, 103 
''Qvy 98 
'Qdi/, 75 
*'Qpa, 96 
^QpaTogy 13 
^Qpfirjaarey 101 
^Qg, 62, 73, 86, 96 
"Qg Siy 70 
'Og£t, 96 
"Q<jiy 103 
''QcTTtp, 88 
'a^aXt, 101 



GEAMMATICAL INDEX. 



The Numbers refer to the Exercises^ not to the Pages, 

Orthography. I Number, 

Accents, 2, 24, 29 ' Construction of dual, 59 (2) 

Enclitics, 11, 19, 39, 98 (1), 103 Plural used for dual, 78 (5) 



(4) 

Euphonic letters, 25, 70 (10) 
Interchange of letters, 72 (7) 
Words unaccented, 65 (3) 

Words, 

Position in sentence, 49, 70 (1), 

106 (2) 
Words understood, 65 (4), 67 (1), 

70 (7), 91 (6), 106 (1, 6) 

Particles, 

Construction of ^s, 65 (1) 

likv y£, Q6 (5) 

— iilv de, 91 (3) 

av, 104 (6) 

idv, 104 (4) 

• 17, 62 (5) 



Construction of genitive, 60 (1), 
62 (5), 75 (1), 88 (3), 91 (5, 9) 

dative, 59 (4), 

60 (1), 70 (7), 91 (4), 99 
(3, 8, 10), 101 (2, 6, 7) 

•— — accusative, 60 



(1, 4), 62 (2), 75 (5), 94 (2), 

104 (3), 106 (4, 7) 

• vocative, 62 (4) 

Nominative absolute, 75 (2) 
Genitive absolute, 96 (2) 
Equivalent of English possessive, 

80(2) 



Names of towns used in plural, 
68 (2) 

Singular verb with plural no- 
minative, 106 (10) 

The Article, 

Declension, 59 

Agreement, 2 

Position, 33 

Used in Greek but not in English, 

31, 35, 104 (1), 106 (4) 
Used in English but not in Greek, 

104 (5) 
Used for relative and verb, 99(11) 
Personal Pronouns, 94 



(4) 



8U(5) 



- Possessive Pronouns^ 



Nouns. 



First declension, 64 
Second declension. 69 
Third declension, 72 
Position, 33 
Gender, 17 
Compounds, 99 (15) 
Genitives in a, 68 (1) 

Adjectives. 

First declension, 77 
Second declension, 82 
Third declension, 85 
Irregular declensions, 90 



144 






^ 



GKAMMATICAL IIS^DEX. 



Agreement, 3 

Used as nouns, 99 (12), 106 (3) 

Comparison, 52, 54, 83 (1) 

Numerals, 93 

Construction of TroXvy, 75 (4), 

91 (10) 

. aWoc, 91 (3) 

. avTOQ, 83 (6) 

91(1,2) 
Tie, 83 (7) 

Fronouns. 
Declensions, 98 
Komiuative personals, 70 (5), 

99 (4, 5) 
Objective personals, 99 (6, 7) 
Dative personals, 99 (7) 
Possessives, 59 (3), Q6 (4), 99 

(1,2) 
Relatives, 86 (3), 99 (11), 101 

(1), 106 (9) 
Construction of iKtivcg^ 91 (6) 

Verbs. 
Governing accusative, 60 (4) 
■ dative and accusative, 

101 (4) 

dative, 91 (4), 99 (10) 

dative of person, 99 

(3, 8), 101 (2, 6, 7) 
Compounds, 70 (9) 
Impersonals, 73 (4), 106 (7) 
Conjugation of fi/xi, 103 
Forms of £i/xt understood, 99 

(11), 106 (1) 
Construction of infinitive, 86 (4), 

104 (3), 106 (8) 

— subjunctive, 104 



1 FarttcipJes. 

Declension, 85 (2) 
Agreement, 81 (1) 
Construction, 75 (2), 96 (2), 106 

(9) 
Used for past indicative, 99 (9) 
Used for two past tenses, 101 (5) 
Used substantively, 99 (15) 

Adverbs, 
Position, 83 (3) 
Construction of ov, 25 
iu^,94(l) 



(4) 



optative, 103 (5) 



Equivalent of to, 59 (4), 70 (8), 
99 (16) 

~ at, 59 (4\ 96 (1) 

on, 59 (4), 70 (6) 

hy^ 59 (4), 80 (3) 

with, 59 (4), 91 (5) 

from, 83 (2, 8) 



Construction of ^id, 88 (3) 
«k:, 83 (2) 



(4) 



(1) 



- Iv, 60 (1), 106 

- hirl, 70 (7) 

- tiQ, 99 (16) 

- Kara, 88 (2), 96 

- jucra, 91 (5) 

- TTgpt, 91 (9) 

- irpoQ, 62 (2), 99 , 

- vizo, 60 (1) 
Conjunctions, 62 (5), 104 (4) 
Idioms, 80 (4), 101 (3) 



(16) 



END OF FIRST COTJRSE. 



J. BILLING, FRlNTEtt AND STEKEOTVIEK, GUILDFORD, SCRBET. 



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